NguFinn Peacock – Unjiniyela Kagesi Oqashiwe, owayengumnikazi we-CSIRO, umnikazi we-EV, umsunguli we-SolarQuotes.com.au
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ucabanga ukuthenga i-EV, ulinde ukulethwa, noma ukushayela i-EV, ukwazi ukuthi bakhokhisa kanjani (nokuthi kanjani) kuyingxenye ebalulekile yobunikazi.
Kulo mhlahlandlela, ngizoxoxa ngamandla (kW) kanye namandla (kWh). Ukwazi umehluko kubalulekile! Abantu bayakuxova lokhu ngaso sonke isikhathi - ngisho nogesi okufanele ngabe bazi kangcono.
Imoto ejwayelekile kaphethiloli ithola ibanga elingamakhilomitha ayi-10 ukusuka ku-1 litre kaphethiloli. Imoto evamile kagesi ithola ibanga elingamakhilomitha ayi-6 ukusuka ku-1 kWh kagesi.
Ngemoto kaphethiloli, udinga amalitha ayi-10 kaphethiloli ukuze uhambe amakhilomitha ayi-100. Ngezindleko ezilinganiselayo kakhulu zamaRandi ayi-1.40 ngelitha likaphethiloli, amaRandi ayi-10 x $1.40 = $14 ngamakhilomitha ayi-100.
Qaphela: Uphethiloli ungaphezu kuka-$2 ngelitha ngesikhathi sokubhala lokhu – kodwa ngizoqhubeka no-$1.40 ukuze ngibonise ukuthi ama-EV ashibhile kakhulu, noma ngabe umashiqela waseRussia akazange aqise amanani kaphethiloli.
Emotweni kagesi, kudingeka ugesi ongama-kWh angu-16 ukuze uhambe amakhilomitha ayi-100. Uma umthengisi wakho kagesi ekhokhisa amasenti angu-21 nge-kWh, izindleko zingu-16 x $0.21 = $3.36.
Izimoto zikagesi zishibhile ukuzishayela uma ucabanga ngokushaja usebenzisa amaphaneli elanga noma ukushaja ngamanani angekho ezingeni eliphezulu ngokusekelwe emananini esikhathi sokusetshenziswa (ToU). Ake sisebenzise izinombolo ezithile ukuze sibonise:
Uma unebhili kagesi engu-21c kanye netharifu yokufaka amandla elanga engu-8c, izindleko zokushaja imoto ngamandla elanga ziyi-8c. Lokho kushibhile ngo-13c nge-kWh kunokushaja imoto kagesi kusuka kugridi.
Izindleko zesikhathi sokusetshenziswa zikhokhisa amanani ahlukene kagesi ngokusekelwe esikhathini sosuku osithola kugridi.
Qhathanisa amanani kagesi ahlukene e-Aurora Energy Tasmania ngezikhathi ezahlukene zosuku:
Uma usetha ishaja yakho ye-EV ukuthi isebenze kuphela kulolu hlelo lwe-ToU ne-Aurora kusukela ngo-10 ekuseni kuya ku-4 ntambama, ibanga elingamakhilomitha ayi-100 lizokubiza u-16 x $0.15 = $2.40.
Ikusasa lohlelo lukagesi lwase-Australia yizindleko zesikhathi sokusetshenziswa, ugesi oshibhile kakhulu emini (osebenzisa ilanga eliningi) kanye nasebusuku (ngokuvamile onomoya omningi kanye nesidingo esincane).
ENingizimu Australia, ukhokhiswa amasenti angu-7.5 nge-kilowatt-hora ngosuku ngesikhathi sentela yesikhathi sokusebenzisa enikeza "isiponji selanga."
Abanye abathengisi banikeza nezindleko ezikhethekile ze-EV lapho ungakhokha khona izinga eliphansi nge-kWh ukuze ukhokhise i-EV yakho ngezikhathi ezithile, noma izinga elilinganiselwe lansuku zonke lokushaja okungenamkhawulo.
Into yokugcina - qaphela "izindleko zokufuna". Lezi zinhlelo zikagesi zikukhokhisa ibhili kagesi eliphansi, kodwa zingakufaka enkingeni enkulu uma ukusetshenziswa kukagesi kudlula umkhawulo othile. Ukushaja i-EV yakho ngeshaja yesigaba esingu-3 ene-kW engu-22 kungasho ukuthi ukhokha ibhili kagesi ejwayelekile ngokuphindwe kayishumi!
Ishaja ye-EV eyisisekelo iyithuluzi elilula kakhulu. Umsebenzi wayo ukumane "ubuze" imoto ukuthi ingayamukela yini noma yikuphi ukushaja, futhi uma kunjalo, inikeze ugesi ngokuphephile emotweni ize itshelwe ukuthi ime.
Ishaja ye-EV ayikwazi ukunika imoto amandla ngokushesha kunalokho imoto eyicelayo (okuyingozi), kodwa uma unokuhlakanipha okuthile, inganquma ukunciphisa ijubane lokushaja noma ngokusekelwe kwezinye izimo - isibonelo:
Amashaja e-EV asekhaya nawo ane-AC. Lokho kusho ukuthi awazange enze lutho olukhethekile kakhulu. Alawula ama-kilowatts e-230V AC angena emotweni.
Eqinisweni, ibhokisi le-elekthronikhi ongalithenga ukuze ushaje imoto yakho akuyona ishaja. Ngoba konke elikwenzayo ukuhlinzeka ngamandla e-AC alawulwayo. Ngobuchwepheshe, ishaja yangempela isemotweni, iguqula i-AC ibe yi-DC futhi inakekela yonke eminye imisebenzi yokushaja.
Le shaja ye-EV engaphakathi inemikhawulo yamandla aqinile ekuguqulweni kwayo kwe-AC-DC. Ama-kilowatts angu-11 yiwona mkhawulo wezimoto eziningi zikagesi - njengeTesla Model 3 kanye neMini Cooper SE.
Ukuvuma kwe-Nerd: Kufanele ngibize idivayisi oyixhuma emotweni yakho ngokuthi i-EVSE (Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment). Kodwa lokho kuzodida abantu abaningi abavamile, ngakho-ke ngisengozini yokuthola i-imeyili ethukuthele evela kunjiniyela osethathe umhlalaphansi, ngibiza la madivayisi ngokuthi “amashaja.”
Amashaja e-EV omphakathi azinikele asheshayo angamashaja afaka amandla e-DC ngqo ebhethrini. Awanqunyelwe yishaja yemoto ngoba awayisebenzisi.
Uma imoto yakho ikwazi ukuyiphatha, la ma-badboy angashaja amandla afinyelela ku-350 kW we-DC. Qaphela ukuthi kudingeka ehlise ijubane kakhulu uma ibhethri lakho lifinyelela cishe ku-70%. Noma kunjalo, angangeza amakhilomitha angu-350 ebanga ngemizuzu eyi-10 kuphela.
Imboni isebenzise amagama achaza ukushaja okuhamba kancane, okuphakathi kanye nokushesha. Okuyisicefe kakhulu, kubizwa ngokuthi ukushaja kwezinga 1, Izinga 2, kanye nezinga 3.
Ishaja yezinga loku-1 iyikhebula kanye nesitini sikagesi esixhuma endaweni yamandla ejwayelekile. Zishaja ku-1.8 kuya ku-2.4 kW kusuka kusokhethi yasekhaya ejwayelekile.
Icebiso Elihle: Uma umenzi wezimoto zakho enganikezi isixhumi esiphathwayo semoto yakho, qiniseka ukuthi uyasithenga bese usigcina ebhuthini – singakongela usuku lonke lwebhekoni ngisho noma ungalokothi ulisebenzise ekhaya.
Ukuze kuboniswe ukuthi kusho ukuthini ukushaja kwezinga lokuqala elingu-1.8 kW – kuzokwengeza u-1.8 kWh ngehora ebhethrini lemoto yakho.
Amandla angu-1 kWh ebhethri le-EV alingana nobubanzi obungamakhilomitha ayi-6. Ngakho-ke, ishaja yezinga loku-1 inganikeza ububanzi obungamakhilomitha ayi-10 ngehora. Uma ushaja imoto ubusuku bonke (cishe amahora ayi-8), uzongeza ububanzi obungamakhilomitha angama-80.
Kodwa izinga 1 lingashaja ngesivinini esiphezulu. Kuye ngomkhiqizi, idivayisi yakho ingaba nama-plug angashintshaniswayo.
Zonke izishaja ze-EV eziphathekayo ziza nama-plug ajwayelekile e-10A, njengazo zonke ezinye izinto zikagesi ekhaya lakho, kodwa ezinye ziza nama-plug e-15A angashintshaniswayo. Lokhu kune-prong ebanzi yomhlabathi futhi kudinga isokhethi ekhethekile engaphatha izintambo ezijiyile ku-15A. Uma une-caravan, cishe uyazazi.
Amanye amashaja eselula anomsila ongu-15A. Lawa angamaphethelo omsila angu-10A no-15A ahambisana neshaja yeselula yeTesla e-Australia.
Uma ishaja yakho ephathekayo ingu-15A ekugcineni futhi ufuna ukushaja ekhaya, uzodinga indawo yokupaka engu-15A endaweni yokupaka izimoto zakho. Lindela ukukhokha cishe u-$500 ngalokhu kufakwa.
Iqiniso Lesazi: Uma i-voltage yegridi yakho yendawo iphezulu (kufanele ibe ngu-230V, kodwa ngokuvamile ingu-240V+), uzothola amandla engeziwe ngoba amandla = i-voltage yamanje x.
Iqiniso elibalulekile: Kuye ngomkhiqizi, amashaja eselula ngokuvamile anqunyelwe ku-80% wamandla awo alinganiselwe. Ngakho-ke ishaja ye-10A ingasebenza kuphela ku-8A, kanti idivayisi ye-15A ingasebenza kuphela ku-12A. Kuhlanganiswe nokuguquguquka kwamandla kagesi egridi, kusho ukuthi angikwazanga ukunikeza isivinini sokushaja se-EV esinembile sesixhumi seselula.
Iqiniso le-Tesla Nerd: Amashaja eselula e-Tesla angeniswe ngemuva kukaNovemba 2021 angashaja ku-10A noma ku-15A egcwele, kuye ngomsila osetshenzisiwe.
Icebiso Elihle: Uma uneTesla yakamuva futhi unenhlanhla yokuba ne-outlet yezigaba ezintathu egaraji, ungathenga umsila womuntu wesithathu ongashaja ku-4.8 kuya ku-7kW (20 kuya ku-32A) usebenzisa isixhumi esiphathwayo.
Isivinini sokushaja: Ibanga elilinganiselwa ku-40 km/h (isigaba esisodwa) noma kufika ku-130 km/h (isigaba sesithathu)
Ukushaja kweleveli 2 kudinga ishaja yodonga ezinikele enezintambo zayo ezizinikele ezibuyela kumugqa wakho wamandla.
Amashaja e-Level 2 abiza u-$900 kuya ku-$2500 ngehadiwe kanye no-$500 kuya ku-$1000 ukuwafaka. Le ntengo iphinda icabange ukuthi i-power strip yakho kanye ne-mains zingakwazi ukusingatha umthwalo owengeziwe. Uma zingakwazi, ukuthuthukisa i-supply yakho kungabiza izinkulungwane zamaRandi.
Ishaja yesigaba esisodwa engu-7 kW Level 2 ingangeza amakhilomitha angaba ngu-40 ngehora lobubanzi. Uma imoto yakho ikwazi ukuyiphatha, ishaja ye-EV engu-22 kW yesigaba ezintathu izongeza amakhilomitha angaba ngu-130 ngehora lobubanzi.
Iqiniso Le-Nerd: Nakuba amashaja e-3-phase, level-2 angasebenza kuze kufike ku-22 kW, izimoto eziningi azikwazi ukuguqula amandla e-AC ngokushesha kangaka. Hlola imininingwane yemoto yakho ukuze ubone izinga layo eliphezulu lokushaja i-AC.
Le shaja i-DC ngokuphelele futhi inamandla okukhipha amandla asukela ku-50 kW kuya ku-350 kW. Ibiza ngaphezu kuka-$100,000 ukuyifaka futhi idinga umthombo omkhulu wamandla, ngakho-ke akunakwenzeka ukuthi ube nayo efakwe ekhaya lakho.
Inethiwekhi ye-Supercharger ye-Tesla iyisibonelo esidumile kakhulu seshaja yezinga lesi-3. I-supercharger evame kakhulu ye-“V2″ inomthamo omkhulu ongu-120 kW kanye nebanga lokuhamba ngezinyawo elingamakhilomitha angu-180 ngemizuzu engu-15.
Inethiwekhi yeziteshi ze-Supercharger ze-Tesla izinikeza ithuba lokuncintisana ngaphezu kwabanye abakhiqizi be-EV ngenxa yendawo yazo emizileni yokuhamba ethandwayo, ukuthembeka/isikhathi sokusebenza, kanye nevolumu ephezulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye iziteshi ze-Level 3.
Kodwa-ke, njengoba izimoto zikagesi ziba zivamile, kulindeleke ukuthi kuvele amanye amanethiwekhi ancintisanayo ezweni lonke futhi athuthukise ukuthembeka kwawo.
Iqiniso le-Tesla Nerd: Ama-“V2″ Tesla Supercharger” ase-Australia abomvu namhlophe ashaja ngokushesha nge-DC, ngokuvamile ashaja ku-40-100 kW, kuye ngokuthi zingaki ezinye izimoto eziwasebenzisayo ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ama-“V3′ supercharger” ambalwa athuthukisiwe e-Australia angashaja afinyelela ku-250 kW.
Icebiso Elihle: Qaphela amashaja e-AC ahamba kancane ohambweni lomgwaqo. Amanye amashaja aseceleni komgwaqo ayizinhlobo ze-AC ezihamba kancane ezingase zishaje kusukela ku-3 kuya ku-22 kW kuphela. Lawa angagcwalisa kancane uma upaka, kodwa awasheshi ngokwanele ukushaja kalula lapho usohambweni.
Zonke izimoto zikagesi ezithengiswa e-Australia kusukela mhla lu-1 kuJanuwari 2020 zifakwe isokhethi yokushaja ye-AC ebizwa ngokuthi 'uhlobo 2' (noma ngezinye izikhathi 'amaMennekes').
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-02-2022
