Yiziphi Izinhlobo Zebhethri Lemoto Kagesi Ezikhona?

Amabhethri emoto kagesi ayiyona ingxenye eyodwa ebiza kakhulu emotweni kagesi.

Intengo yayo ephezulu isho ukuthi izimoto zikagesi zibiza kakhulu kunezinye izinhlobo zikaphethiloli, okunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezimoto ezinkulu ze-EV.

I-Lithium-ion
Amabhethri e-lithium-ion yiwona athandwa kakhulu. Ngaphandle kokungena emininingwaneni eminingi, ayakhipha futhi ashaje njengoba i-electrolyte ithwala ama-ion e-lithium ashajekile kahle esuka ku-anode iye ku-cathode, futhi okuphambene nalokho. Kodwa-ke, izinto ezisetshenziswa ku-cathode zingahluka phakathi kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion.

I-LFP, i-NMC, kanye ne-NCA yizinhlobo ezintathu ezahlukene zamabhethri e-Lithium-ion. I-LFP isebenzisa i-Lithium-phosphate njengezinto ze-cathode; i-NMC isebenzisa i-Lithium, i-Manganese, kanye ne-Cobalt; kanti i-NCA isebenzisa i-Nickel, i-Cobalt kanye ne-Aluminium.

Izinzuzo zamabhethri e-Lithium-ion:
● Kushibhile ukukhiqiza kunamabhethri e-NMC kanye ne-NCA.
● Isikhathi eside sokuphila – sinikeza imijikelezo yokushaja/yokukhipha egcwele engu-2,500-3,000 uma kuqhathaniswa neyi-1,000 yamabhethri e-NMC.
● Khiqiza ukushisa okuncane ngesikhathi sokushaja ukuze ikwazi ukugcina izinga eliphezulu lamandla isikhathi eside ku-charging curve, okuholela ekushajeni okusheshayo ngaphandle kokulimala kwebhethri.
● Ingashajwa kuze kufike ku-100% ngomonakalo omncane webhethri njengoba kusiza ukulinganisa ibhethri futhi inikeze izilinganiso zebanga ezinembile kakhulu - Abanikazi beModeli 3 abanebhethri le-LFP bayelulekwa ukuthi bagcine umkhawulo wokushaja usethwe ku-100%.

Ngonyaka odlule, iTesla empeleni yanikeza amakhasimende ayo eModel 3 eMelika ukukhetha phakathi kwebhethri le-NCA noma le-LFP. Ibhethri le-NCA lalilula ngo-117kg futhi lalinobubanzi obungaphezu kwamamayela ayi-10, kodwa lalinesikhathi eside kakhulu sokuhola. Kodwa-ke, iTesla iphinde ituse ukuthi uhlobo lwebhethri le-NCA lushajwe kuphela ku-90% wamandla alo. Ngamanye amazwi, uma uhlela ukusebenzisa uhla oluphelele njalo, i-LFP ingase ibe yindlela engcono kakhulu.

I-hydride yensimbi ye-nickel
Amabhethri e-nickel-metal hydride (afushaniswe ngokuthi i-NiMH) ayiwona kuphela amabhethri e-lithium-ion atholakala emakethe njengamanje, yize evame ukutholakala ezimotweni zikagesi ezihlanganisiwe (ikakhulukazi iToyota) ngokungafani nezimoto zikagesi ezihlanzekile.

Isizathu esiyinhloko salokhu ukuthi ubukhulu bamandla bamabhethri e-NiMH buphansi ngo-40% kunamabhethri e-lithium-ion.