Iyiphi Indlela Eshibhile Yokukhokhisa I-EV?

Ukuqonda Izindleko Zokushaja I-EV

Ngaphambi kokuthi singene ezindleleni ezishibhile, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi yiziphi izici ezithonya izindleko zokushaja i-EV:

1. Amanani kagesi (ahlukahluka ngendawo nesikhathi sokusetshenziswa)
2. Isivinini sokushaja (Izinga 1, Izinga 2, noma ukushaja okusheshayo kwe-DC)
3. Indawo yokushaja (ekhaya, endaweni yokusebenza, noma eziteshini zomphakathi)
4. Umthamo webhethri le-EV (lilinganiswa nge-kWh)
5. Ukusebenza kahle kokushaja (amandla athile ayalahleka ngesikhathi sokushaja)

UMnyango Wezamandla wase-US ulinganisela ukuthi isilinganiso sezindleko zokukhokhisa i-EV singama-$0.15 nge-kWh, okuhunyushwa cishe ku-$0.04 ngemayela nge-EV evamile. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezimoto zikaphethiloli ezilinganiselwa ku-$0.15 ngemayela, ama-EV asevele enikeza ukonga okukhulu. Kodwa singenza kangcono nakakhulu.

Izindlela Zokushaja I-EV Ezishibhile Ezibekwe Ezingeni

1. Ukushaja Ikhaya Ngezilinganiso Zikagesi Ezingekho Esikhathini Esiphezulu

Indlela eshibhile kakhulu yokushaja i-EV yakho isekhaya ngesikhathi esingekho ngesikhathi esimatasa uma isevisi yakho inikeza amanani esikhathi sokusebenzisa (TOU). Nasi isizathu:

• Amanani kagesi aphansi: Izinsiza eziningi zikhokhisa imali encane kakhulu ngogesi osetshenziswa ubusuku bonke (ngokuvamile ungaphansi ngo-50-70% kunamanani aphezulu)
• Akukho mkhawulo: Ngokungafani namashaja omphakathi, ukhokha izindleko zikagesi kuphela ngaphandle kwezindleko zesevisi
• Ukunethezeka: Vuka ubone imoto egcwele ishaje njalo ekuseni

Indlela yokukusetha lokhu:

• Faka ishaja ye-EV yasekhaya yezinga lesi-2 (240V)
• Bhalisa ohlelweni lwentengo ye-TOU lwenkampani yakho
• Hlela i-EV noma ishaja yakho ukuthi isebenze kuphela ngezikhathi ezingezona ezimatasa kakhulu (ngokuvamile kusukela ngo-9pm kuya ku-6am)

Isibonelo sezindleko: ECalifornia ngohlelo lwentengo lwe-EV2-A lwe-PG&E, ukushaja ngaphandle kwesikhathi esibekiwe kubiza u-$0.25/kWh kuphela uma kuqhathaniswa no-$0.45/kWh ngezikhathi ezimatasa. Ngebhethri elingu-60kWh, lokho kuyonga u-$12 ngokushaja okugcwele.

2. Ukushaja Kwamahhala Emsebenzini

Abaqashi abaningi bafaka iziteshi zokushaja ze-EV njengenzuzo yabasebenzi. Lokhu kuvame ukuba:

• Kumahhala ngokuphelele ukusebenzisa
• Amashaja e-Level 2 angashaja imoto yakho ngokugcwele ngesikhathi somsebenzi
• Kutholakala ngokuqala kokufika, okukhonzwa kuqala

Uma indawo yakho yokusebenza inikeza le nzuzo, ingaqeda ngokuphelele izindleko zokushaja ikhaya lakho. Ezinye izinkampani zize zifaka ngisho nama-DC fast charger abasebenzi.

3. Iziteshi Zokushaja Zamahhala Zomphakathi

Nakuba kuya ngokuya kungavamile, kusenezindawo eziningi ezinikeza ukushaja kwe-EV yamahhala:

• Izikhungo zokuthenga kanye nezitolo ezinkulu (ukuheha amakhasimende)
• Amahhotela nezindawo zokungcebeleka (zezivakashi)
• Ezinye izindawo zikamasipala (imitapo yolwazi, amapaki, amahholo edolobha)
• Abathengisi bezimoto (ngokuvamile kunoma iyiphi i-EV, hhayi nje uhlobo lwabo)

Amawebhusayithi afana ne-PlugShare angakusiza ukuthola iziteshi zokushaja zamahhala endaweni yakini. Umehluko ukuthi lezi zivame ukuba yizishaja zezinga lesi-2, okusho ukuthi kuzodingeka ushiye imoto yakho ipakwe amahora amaningana.

4. Ukushaja Kwasekhaya Okuqhutshwa Yilanga

Uma unamaphaneli elanga noma uwafaka, ungashaja i-EV yakho ngamandla ahlanzekile namahhala. Ezomnotho:

• Izindleko zangaphambilini: Izinhlelo zelanga zidinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu ($15,000-$25,000)
• Ukonga kwesikhathi eside: Ngemva kwesikhathi sokukhokha (ngokuvamile iminyaka emi-5-8), "uphethiloli" wakho usuke umahhala
• Izikweletu zentela zikahulumeni: I-US inikeza isikweletu sentela esingu-30% sokufakwa kwamandla elanga kuze kube ngu-2032

Ukuze uthole inzuzo enkulu, hlanganisa i-solar nesistimu yebhethri yasekhaya ukuze ugcine ukukhiqizwa okwengeziwe kokushaja ubusuku bonke.

5. Izaphulelo kanye nobulungu benethiwekhi yomphakathi

Amanethiwekhi amaningi okushaja anikeza amanani ancishisiwe kumalungu:

• I-Electrify America Pass+: $4 ngenyanga ikunikeza amazinga okushaja aphansi ngo-25%
• Ubulungu be-EVgo: $6.99 ngenyanga kunciphisa amanani cishe ngo-20%
• I-ChargePoint Home: Amanye ama-utility partnership anikeza ukushaja ikhaya ngesaphulelo

Uma usebenzisa lawa manethiwekhi njalo, ubulungu bungazikhokhela ngokushesha.

6. Ukushaja Kwezinga 2 Lomphakathi

Nakuba kushesha kunokushaja okusheshayo kwe-DC, iziteshi zomphakathi zeLevel 2 zivame ukushibhile kakhulu nge-kWh. Eziningi zibiza ngendlela efanayo namanani kagesi wasekhaya, ngokungafani namashaja asheshayo avame ukuba nezinkokhelo ezinkulu.

Ukuqhathanisa Izindleko Zokushaja: Ukuhlukaniswa Okuningiliziwe

Ake sihlole izindleko zokushaja ngokugcwele ibhethri elijwayelekile le-EV elingu-60kWh (cishe ibanga lamamayela angu-200-250) kusetshenziswa izindlela ezahlukene:

*Kucatshangwa ukuthi imoto yephethiloli engu-30mpg ibiza u-$3/galoni kanti i-EV ithola amamayela angu-4/kWh*

Amasu Okushaja Okuhlakaniphile Okonga Okuningi

Ngale kokukhetha izindawo ezifanele kanye nezikhathi zokukhokhisa, lawa maqhinga anganciphisa izindleko zakho:

1. Lungiselela ibhethri lakho kusengaphambili: Ukufudumala ibhethri ngenkathi isaxhunyiwe kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokushaja
2. Shaja ku-80%: Ama-20% okugcina ashaja kancane futhi angasebenzi kahle
3. Sebenzisa ukushaja okuhleliwe: Hlela i-EV yakho ukuthi ishaje kuphela ngezikhathi zamanani ashibhile kakhulu
4. Gada izinhlelo zezinsiza: Eziningi zinikeza amanani akhethekile e-EV noma izaphulelo zokufakwa kweshaja yasekhaya
5. Hlanganisa ukushaja nemisebenzi: Sebenzisa amashaja omphakathi mahhala lapho uyothenga noma udla

Izindleko Ezifihliwe Okufanele Zicatshangelwe

Ngenkathi ugxile ezindleleni zokushaja ezishibhile, ungakhohlwa:

• Ukufakwa kweshaja yasekhaya: $500-$2,000 yeshaja yezinga lesi-2 kanye nokufakwa kobungcweti
• Imali yokushaja umphakathi ngaphandle kokusebenza: Amanethiwekhi amaningi akhokhisa imali uma ungayithuthi imoto yakho ngemva kokushaja kuqediwe
• Impilo yebhethri: Ukushaja okusheshayo kwe-DC njalo kungalimaza amabhethri ngokushesha, okungase kubize isikhathi eside

Amathrendi Esikhathi Esizayo Ekushajweni Kwe-EV Okungabizi

Isimo sokushaja kwe-EV siyaqhubeka nokuguquka ngentuthuko eminingana engenza ukushaja kube kushibhile nakakhulu:

1. Ubuchwepheshe be-Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G): Maduze nje ungase ukwazi ukuthengisa amandla amaningi avela ku-EV yakho emuva kugridi ngezikhathi ezimatasa kakhulu
2. Ubuchwepheshe bebhethri obuthuthukisiwe: Ukushaja okusheshayo kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside kuzonciphisa izindleko
3. Ukukhokhiswa okwengeziwe emsebenzini: Njengoba ukwamukelwa kukhula, abaqashi abaningi bazonikeza ukukhokhiswa kwamahhala
4. Ukukhula kwamandla avuselelekayo: Amandla elanga nawomoya engeziwe azoqinisa amanani kagesi

Isiphetho: Isu Lokushaja Elishibhile Kakhulu

Ngemva kokuhlola zonke izinketho, indlela engabizi kakhulu kubanikazi abaningi bezimoto ze-EV yile:

1. Ukushaja okuyinhloko: Ekhaya ngezikhathi ezingezona ezimatasa kakhulu ngeshaja yezinga lesi-2
2. Ukushaja kwesibili: Sebenzisa ithuba lokushaja kwamahhala endaweni yokusebenza noma komphakathi uma kutholakala
3. Ukusetshenziswa ngezikhathi ezithile: Ukushaja okusheshayo kwe-DC kuphela uma kudingeka ohambweni olude
4. Ukuhlela ikusasa: Cabanga ngamaphaneli elanga uma ungumnikazi wendlu yakho ukuze ushaje cishe mahhala

Ngokuhlanganisa lezi zindlela, abashayeli abaningi be-EV babika ukuthi bachitha u-$200-300 kuphela ngonyaka “kuphethiloli” uma kuqhathaniswa no-$1,500-$2,000 ezimotweni zikaphethiloli ezifanayo. Njengoba amanani kagesi namanethiwekhi okushaja eqhubeka nokukhula, ukuhlala unolwazi ngezinhlelo ezintsha kanye nobuchwepheshe kuzokusiza ukuthi ugcine isu lokushaja elishibhile kakhulu kulo lonke ulwazi lwakho lobunikazi be-EV.

Khumbula, indlela yokushaja ebiza kakhulu isashibhile kakhulu kunophethiloli, ngakho-ke kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ushaja kanjani, wonga imali ngenkathi unciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi. Isihluthulelo ukuthola ibhalansi efanele yokunethezeka kanye nezindleko ezifanela imikhuba yakho yokushayela kanye nendlela yakho yokuphila.