Iyiphi Indlela Eshibhe Kakhulu Yokushaja i-EV?

Ukuqonda Izindleko zokushaja ze-EV

Ngaphambi kokuthi singene ezindleleni ezishibhe kakhulu, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi yiziphi izici ezithonya izindleko zokushaja kwe-EV:

1. Izilinganiso zikagesi (ziyahlukahluka ngendawo nesikhathi osetshenziswa ngaso)
2. Isivinini sokushaja (Ileveli 1, ileveli 2, noma ukushaja okusheshayo kwe-DC)
3. Indawo yokushaja (ikhaya, indawo yokusebenza, noma iziteshi zomphakathi)
4. Umthamo webhethri le-EV (ukalwa ngo-kWh)
5. Ukusebenza kahle kokushaja (amandla athile ayalahleka ngesikhathi sokushaja)

Umnyango Wezamandla wase-US ulinganisela ukuthi izindleko ezimaphakathi zokushaja i-EV cishe zingu-$0.15 nge-kWh ngayinye, okuhumusheka cishe ku-$0.04 ngemayela nge-EV evamile. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezimoto zikaphethiloli ezinesilinganiso esingu-$0.15 ngemayela, ama-EV asevele anikeza ukonga okukhulu. Kodwa singenza kangcono nakakhulu.

Izindlela zokushaja ezishibhile ze-EV ezisezingeni

1. Ukushaja Kwasekhaya Ngamanani Kagesi Angangeni Esiqongweni

Indlela eshibhe ngokuphelele yokushaja i-EV yakho isekhaya phakathi namahora okungasebenzi uma insiza yakho ikunikeza amanani okusebenzisa isikhathi (TOU). Nasi isizathu:

• Amazinga kagesi aphansi: Izinsiza eziningi zikhokhisa kancane kakhulu amandla asetshenziswe ngobusuku obubodwa (ngokuvamile ngo-50-70% ngaphansi kwamazinga aphezulu)
• Akukho makhaphu: Ngokungafani namashaja omphakathi, ukhokha nje izindleko zikagesi ngaphandle kwezindleko zesevisi
• Ukufaneleka: Vusa imoto egcwele ngokugcwele njalo ekuseni

Ungakumisa kanjani lokhu:

• Faka ishaja ye-Level 2 ye-EV yasekhaya (240V)
• Bhalisa kuhlelo lwesilinganiso se-TOU sohlelo lwakho lokusebenza
• Hlela i-EV yakho noma ishaja ukuthi isebenze kuphela ngamahora okungasebenzi kakhulu (imvamisa ngo-9pm-6am)

Isibonelo sezindleko: E-California ngohlelo lwesilinganiso lwe-PG&E lwe-EV2-A, ukushaja okungaphezu kwesiqongo kubiza nje u-$0.25/kWh uma kuqhathaniswa no-$0.45/kWh ngezikhathi zokuphakama. Ngebhethri elingu-60kWh, lokho okonga okungu-$12 ngokushajwa okugcwele.

2. Ukushaja Kwamahhala Endaweni Yokusebenzela

Abaqashi abaningi bafaka iziteshi zokushaja ze-EV njengenzuzo yesisebenzi. Lezi ngokuvamile:

• Ngokuphelele free ukusebenzisa
• Amashaja eLeveli 2 angashaja imoto yakho ngokugcwele ngesikhathi somsebenzi
• Itholakala ngokuthi ofike kuqala, nesisekelo sokuhlinzekwa kuqala

Uma indawo yakho yokusebenza inikeza le nzuzo, ingase iqede izindleko zokushaja ikhaya lakho ngokuphelele. Ezinye izinkampani sezifakela izisebenzi amashaja asheshayo e-DC.

3. Iziteshi Zokushaja Zamahhala Zomphakathi

Nakuba kungavamile, kusenezindawo eziningi ezihlinzeka ngokushaja kwe-EV yamahhala:

• Izikhungo zokuthenga nezitolo ezinkulu (ukuheha amakhasimende)
• Amahhotela nezindawo zokungcebeleka (zezivakashi)
• Ezinye izindawo zikamasipala (imitapo yolwazi, amapaki, amahholo edolobha)
• Ukuthengisa izimoto (ngokuvamile kunoma iyiphi i-EV, hhayi nje uhlobo lwazo)

Amawebhusayithi afana ne-PlugShare angakusiza ukuthi uthole iziteshi zokushaja zamahhala endaweni yangakini. Ukuhwebelana ukuthi lawa ngokuvamile amashaja eLeveli 2, okusho ukuthi uzodinga ukushiya imoto yakho ipakiwe amahora ambalwa.

4. Ukushaja Ikhaya Okunamandla Elanga

Uma unamaphaneli elanga noma uwafake, ungashaja i-EV yakho ngamandla amahhala, ahlanzekile. Ezomnotho:

• Izindleko zangaphambili: Amasistimu elanga adinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu ($15,000-$25,000)
• Ukonga isikhathi eside: Ngemva kwesikhathi sokukhokha (imvamisa iminyaka emi-5-8), “uphethiloli” wakho empeleni awukhokhwa
• Izikweletu zentela zikahulumeni: I-US inikeza ikhredithi yentela engu-30% yokufakwa kwelanga kuze kube ngu-2032

Ukuze uthole inzuzo enkulu, bhangqa isolar nesistimu yebhethri yasekhaya ukuze ugcine ukukhiqiza ngokweqile ukuze kushajwe ebusuku.

5. Izaphulelo kanye Nobulungu Benethiwekhi Yomphakathi

Amanethiwekhi amaningi okushaja anikeza amanani ancishisiwe kumalungu:

• I-Electrify America Pass+: I-$4/ngenyanga ikuthola u-25% wamazinga okushaja aphansi
• Ubulungu be-EVgo: $6.99/ngenyanga kunciphisa amanani cishe ngo-20%
• Ikhaya le-ChargePoint: Okunye ukusebenzisana kwezinsiza kunikeza ukushaja kwekhaya okunesaphulelo

Uma usebenzisa la manethiwekhi njalo, ubulungu bungazikhokhela ngokushesha.

6. Ukushaja Kwezinga Lomphakathi 2

Nakuba ihamba kancane kunokushaja okusheshayo kwe-DC, iziteshi zomphakathi Zezinga 2 ngokuvamile zishibhe kakhulu nge-kWh ngayinye. Eziningi zinenani elifanayo nenani likagesi wasekhaya, ngokungafani namashaja asheshayo avame ukuthwala amaphrimiyamu amakhulu.

Ukuqhathanisa Izindleko Zokushaja: Ukuhlukaniswa Okunemininingwane

Ake sihlole izindleko zokushaja ngokugcwele ibhethri elivamile elingu-60kWh EV (cishe ibanga lamamayela angu-200-250) sisebenzisa izindlela ezihlukene:

*Ithatha imoto yegesi engu-30mpg ngo-$3/gallon kanye ne-EV ithola amamayela angu-4/kWh*

Amasu okushaja ahlakaniphile okulondoloza okuningi

Ngaphandle kokukhetha izindawo ezifanele nezikhathi zokukhokhisa, lawa maqhinga anganciphisa izindleko zakho:

1. Isimo sebhethri lakho kusengaphambili: Ukufudumala ibhethri ngesikhathi lisaxhunyiwe kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokushaja
2. Shaja ukuya ku-80%: Amashaji okugcina angu-20% ahamba kancane futhi angasebenzi kahle
3. Sebenzisa ukushaja okuhleliwe: Hlela i-EV yakho ukuthi ikhokhise kuphela ngezikhathi zenani elishibhe kakhulu
4. Gada izinhlelo ezisetshenziswayo: Eziningi zinikeza amanani akhethekile e-EV noma izaphulelo zokufakwa kweshaja yasekhaya
5. Hlanganisa ukushaja nezinto ezithunyiwe: Sebenzisa amashaja amahhala asesidlangalaleni ngenkathi uthenga noma udla

Izindleko Ezifihliwe Zokucatshangelwa

Ngenkathi ugxile ezindleleni zokushaja ezishibhe kakhulu, ungakunaki:

• Ukufakwa kweshaja yasekhaya: $500-$2,000 ngeshaja Yezinga 2 kanye nokufakwa okuphrofeshinali
• Ukushaja esidlangalaleni imali engenzi lutho: Amanethiwekhi amaningi akhokhisa izinkokhelo uma ungayisusi imoto yakho ngemva kokuqeda ukushaja.
• Impilo yebhethri: Ukushaja okusheshayo kwe-DC njalo kungonakalisa amabhethri ngokushesha, okungase kubize isikhathi eside.

Amathrendi Azayo Ekushajweni Kwe-EV Okuthengekayo

Isimo sokushaja kwe-EV siyaqhubeka nokuvela ngentuthuko embalwa engenza ukushaja kushibhe nakakhulu:

1. Ubuchwepheshe be-Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G): Maduze ungase ukwazi ukuthengisa amandla engeziwe asuka ku-EV yakho uwabuyisele kugridi ngezikhathi eziphakeme kakhulu.
2. Ubuchwepheshe bebhethri obuthuthukisiwe: Ukushaja okusheshayo nokuhlala isikhathi eside kuzonciphisa izindleko
3. Ukushaja okwengeziwe emsebenzini: Njengoba ukukhula kwezingane zokutholwa, abaqashi abaningi bazohlinzeka ngokukhokhiswa kwamahhala
4. Ukukhula kwamandla avuselelekayo: Amandla elanga amaningi nawomoya azosimamisa amanani kagesi

Isiphetho: Isu Lokushaja Elishibhe Kakhulu

Ngemuva kokuhlola zonke izinketho, indlela engabizi kakhulu yabanikazi abaningi be-EV yile:

1. Ukushaja okuyinhloko: Ekhaya ngezikhathi lapho umuntu engasebenzi kakhulu ngeshaja yeLeveli 2
2. Ukushaja okwesibili: Thatha ithuba lendawo yokusebenza yamahhala noma ukushaja komphakathi uma kutholakala
3. Ukusetshenziswa ngezikhathi ezithile: I-DC ishaja ngokushesha kuphela uma kudingeka ohambweni olude
4. Ukuhlela okuzayo: Cabangela amaphaneli elanga uma ungumnikazi wendlu yakho cishe ngokushaja mahhala

Ngokuhlanganisa lezi zindlela, abashayeli abaningi be-EV babika ukuthi bachitha nje u-$200-300 ngonyaka “kuphethiloli” uma kuqhathaniswa no-$1,500-$2,000 wezimoto zikaphethiloli ezifanayo. Njengoba amanani kagesi namanethiwekhi wokushaja eqhubeka nokushintsha, ukuhlala unolwazi mayelana nezinhlelo ezintsha nobuchwepheshe kuzokusiza ukuthi ugcine isu lokushaja elishibhe kakhulu kulo lonke ulwazi lwakho lobunikazi be-EV.

Khumbula, indlela yokushaja ebiza kakhulu isashibhe kakhulu kunophethiloli, ngakho-ke kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukhokhisa kanjani, wonga imali kuyilapho wehlisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni. Okubalulekile ukuthola ibhalansi efanele yokunethezeka nezindleko ezisebenzela imikhuba yakho yokushayela kanye nendlela yokuphila.