Njengoba ukuthandwa kwezimoto ezintsha ezisebenza ngogesi kuqhubeka kwanda, ukwakhiwa kwezimakethe zenqwaba eshajayo phesheya sekube ngesinye sezihloko ezishisayo embonini yamanje yamandla amasha. Kwamanye amazwe, kunegebe elikhulu ekwakhiweni kwezinqwaba zokushaja, kuyilapho imakethe yasekhaya ibhekene nezinkinga ezinkulu zokuguquguquka. Abaningi abangaphakathi embonini bakholelwa ukuthi isikhathi sokuhlukaniswa kwemboni yokukhiqiza yaseChina silethe amathuba amakhulu entuthuko embonini yenqwaba eshajayo. Ikakhulukazi kulezo zinkampani ezingabamba leli thuba, izimakethe zaphesheya zizoba umhlahlandlela wazo omkhulu wentuthuko.
Ngokusho kwedatha evela ku-International Energy Agency (IEA), engxenyeni yokuqala ka-2023, ukuthengiswa kwezimoto zikagesi emazweni e-EU kufinyelele amayunithi ayizigidi eziyi-1.42, kodwa ukwakhiwa kwezinqwaba zokushaja akuzange kuqhubeke, okuholele ekutheni imoto ihambe. isilinganiso senqwaba sifike ku-16:1. Isimo e-United States sibi nakakhulu. Kusukela ngo-2022, i-United States inezinqwaba zokushaja zomphakathi eziyi-131,000, kodwa inani lezimoto zamandla amasha lilinganiselwa ezigidini ezingu-3.3. Isilinganiso sezinqwaba zokushaja zomphakathi sikhuphuke sisuka ku-5.1 ngo-2011 saya ku-25.1 ngo-2022. Le datha iveza isikhala esikhulu esingaba khona sokukhula kwemakethe yenqwaba yokushaja yaphesheya.
Usayizi wemakethe kanye nezitayela zokukhula.
Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, isidingo sezinqwaba zokushaja phesheya siye saqhubeka nokwanda, saba yimpahla edumile kumapulatifomu amakhulu e-e-commerce awela imingcele emhlabeni jikelele. NgoMashi kulo nyaka kuphela, isidingo sokuthengwa kwezinqwaba zokushaja phesheya senyuke ngo-218%. Ngokwezibikezelo ze-China Association of Automobile Manufacturers, izinkampani zaseShayina kulindeleke ukuthi zihlanganise ama-30% -50% emakethe yenqwaba yokushaja yase-Europe naseMelika eminyakeni emihlanu ezayo. Ngokuduma kwezimoto zamandla amasha emhlabeni jikelele, ukwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda eshajayo kuyakhula kancane kancane.
Kule makethe egcwele amathuba, izinkampani zaseShayina ezikhokhisa inqwaba ziye zasheshisa ijubane lokuya phesheya kwezilwandle. Ngokwenkomba ye-cross-border ye-Alibaba International Station, amathuba ebhizinisi aphesheya kwezinqwaba zokushaja izimoto zamandla azokhula ngokushesha ngo-245% ngo-2022, futhi kulindeleke ukuthi kube nesidingo esiphindwe kathathu ngokuzayo. Njengoba zibhekene nalesi sidingo esikhulu semakethe, izinkampani zaseShayina ziphendule ngenkuthalo futhi zasungula izinkampani ezihlobene nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwezinqwaba zokushaja.
Phakathi kwezinkampani eziningi ezikhokhisa inqwaba eziya phesheya kwezilwandle, ukushaja okusheshayo sekuyinto esemqoka ekuhleleni. Njengamanje, izinkampani zaseShayina zenze izinhlobo ezahlukene zemikhiqizo, okuhlanganisa ukushaja okusheshayo, ukushaja kancane, isitoreji esihlanganisiwe se-optical, ukushaja nokuhlola, njll. Nokho, ukuze uphumelele ezimakethe zaphesheya kwezilwandle, izinkampani zaseShayina ezishaja inqwaba zisadinga ukunqoba izinselele ezithile.
Okokuqala nje, ukuqinisekiswa kwebhethri kuwubunzima bokuqala bokuvakashela phesheya kwezilwandle. Amazinga emboni asemqoka adinga ukunakwa embonini isitifiketi se-CE esijwayelekile sase-Europe kanye nesitifiketi se-UL esijwayelekile saseMelika. Isitifiketi se-CE siyisitifiketi esiyimpoqo. Isikhathi sokuthola isitifiketi yizinyanga ezi-1-2. Indawo eyinhloko esebenzayo amazwe angamalungu e-EU. Inkokhelo yesitifiketi icishe ibe ngamakhulu ezinkulungwane zama-yuan. Ukuqinisekiswa kwe-UL kungenye yezindinganiso eziyinhloko zesitifiketi sokushaja imikhiqizo yenqwaba ukuze ingene emakethe yase-US. Isitifiketi Isikhathi somjikelezo cishe yizinyanga eziyisi-6 futhi izindleko zingafika ezigidini zamayuan. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amazinga wokushaja inqwaba yokuxhumana emazweni nasezifundeni ahlukene nawo ahlukile, futhi izinkampani zidinga ukuqalisa kabusha amaphrojekthi ocwaningo nentuthuko futhi zilungise izindawo zokuhlangana ukuze zivumelane nezindinganiso zamazwe nezifunda ezahlukahlukene.
Okwesibili, ukwakhiwa kwesiteshi nakho kuwubunzima obukhulu. Kunezithiyo ezithile zamakhasimende ezimakethe zangaphandle. Izinkampani zaseShayina zidinga ukunqoba inkinga yamandla omkhiqizo anganele futhi zithuthukise amakhasimende ngokusebenzisa iziteshi eziningi. Abakhiqizi abaningi baseShayina bathole izindlela ezintsha zokwandisa ibhizinisi labo ngokubamba iqhaza emibukisweni yenqwaba yokushaja yamazwe ngamazwe kanye nezinye iziteshi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukubamba iqhaza ngenkuthalo emibukisweni yenqwaba yokushaja yamazwe ngamazwe nakho kuyithuba elihle lokubonisa imikhiqizo yakho kanye nobuchwepheshe.
Amathuba nezinselele kuhlangene
Ezimakethe zaseYurophu naseMelika, ukugcwalisa amandla ngokushesha bekulokhu kuyisidingo esiphuthumayo sabanikazi bethilamu. Ngaphezu kwezindawo zokuhlala nezindawo zokusebenza, izinsizakalo zokushaja ngokushesha ziyadingeka emigwaqweni emikhulu, ezindaweni zokupaka zenxanxathela yezitolo nakwezinye izimo. Nokho, kunomehluko omkhulu enanini lezinqwaba ze-AC ne-DC ezimakethe zaseYurophu nezaseMelika. Cishe u-10% kuphela wezinqwaba zokushaja zomphakathi eziyinqwaba ye-DC eshaja ngokushesha. Ngokukhuthazwa kwezinqubomgomo kanye nokukhula kwesidingo semakethe, izinga lokukhula kwemakethe yenqwaba ye-DC eshaja ngokushesha lizoqhubeka nokukhula ngesivinini. I-Soochow Securities Research Institute ibikezela ukuthi indawo yemakethe eYurophu nase-United States izofinyelela ama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-18.7 kanye nama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-7.9 ngokulandelana kwawo ngo-2025, namazinga okukhula okuyinhlanganisela angu-76% no-112% ngokulandelana.
Ngokuduma kwezimoto ezintsha ezisebenza ngamandla, isidingo sezinqwaba zokushaja phesheya siyaqhubeka sikhula, kodwa kukhona nezinkinga ezifana namazinga okunikeza izitifiketi nokwakhiwa kwesiteshi. Izinkampani zaseShayina ezikhokhisa inqwaba zihlola izimakethe zaphesheya futhi zibhekene namathuba amakhulu nezinselelo zemakethe.
Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuthuthukiswa kwezimoto ezintsha ezisebenza ngogesi, uhulumeni wethule uchungechunge lwezinqubomgomo zoxhaso. Uhulumeni waseJalimane uhlinzeke ngoxhaso oluphezulu lwenqwaba yokushaja amandla amakhulu, kanti uhulumeni wobumbano wase-United States uphinde wahlinzeka ngoxhaso lwezigidigidi ezi-5 zamaRandi ukuxhasa ukwakhiwa kwezinqwaba zokushaja zomphakathi. Lezi zinqubomgomo azigcini nje ngokugqugquzela isidingo semakethe, kodwa futhi zihlinzeka ngamathuba ebhizinisi amaningi ezinkampanini zaseShayina ezikhokhisa inqwaba.
Ngokumelene nesizinda sezinqubomgomo ezivumayo, izinkampani ezinkulu zenqwaba ezikhokhisa ngaphakathi zikhuphule izitifiketi ezijwayelekile zaphesheya ukuze zithathe isabelo semakethe. Phakathi kwabo, u-Wang Yang, umsunguli kanye ne-CEO ye-Nenglian Smart Electric, waphawula ukuthi ngonyaka odlule, izinkampani eziningi ezikhokhisa phesheya kwezilwandle zaziqhuba ngenkuthalo i-European CE, i-American UL kanye nezinye izitifiketi ezijwayelekile ukuze zilungiselele ukunwetshwa kwemakethe yalo nyaka.
Kungashiwo ukuthi izimakethe zaseYurophu nezaseMelika zinezidingo eziqinile zokushaja imikhiqizo yenqwaba, futhi umjikelezo wokunikeza izitifiketi mude futhi uyabiza. Yingakho izinkampani zaseShayina ezikhokhisa inqwaba nazo zibhekana nezinselelo ezithile ohlelweni lokuya phesheya kwezilwandle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunomehluko emazingeni okushaja kwenqwaba emazweni nasezifundeni, okudinga izinkampani ukuthi zilungise kabusha imikhiqizo yazo futhi zenze ucwaningo nentuthuko.
Ukuze zivumelane kangcono nezidingo zemakethe kanye nezinguquko zenqubomgomo, izinkampani zaseShayina ezikhokhisa inqwaba zidinga ukuqinisa i-R&D kanye nokusungulwa kwemikhiqizo emisha, zandise iziteshi nobudlelwano. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuqonda imakethe yendawo kanye nokuthambekela kwenqubomgomo nakho kungenye yezinto ezibalulekile zokuphumelela kwebhizinisi. U-Gan Chunming uphethe ngokuthi: "Ukuhlala uzwela kumathrendi enqubomgomo kanye nokugcina ukuxhumana nezinhlangano zezimboni, izinhlangano zendawo, neminyango kahulumeni kuyingxenye yokusebenza kwebhizinisi. Ukwahlulela kusengaphambili ukuhlelwa kwebhizinisi nomkhiqizo ngokwezinguquko zesidingo sezimakethe kanye nemikhuba yokulawula Yilapho ubungozi namathuba akhona.”
Njengoba isidingo sezinqwaba ze-DC ezinamandla amakhulu kanye nezinqwaba zokushaja ngokweqile zikhula ezimakethe zaseYurophu nezaseMelika, amamojula wokushaja, izintambo zokushaja ezipholile uketshezi nezinye izinto ezisekelayo nazo kulindeleke ukuthi zibe yizindawo ezintsha zokukhula kokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe! Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, kufanele futhi siqaphele ukuthi i-United States idinga ukuthi zonke izinqwaba zokushaja ezixhaswe kufanele zenziwe e-United States, futhi iYurophu iphinde ikhuthaze ukuqaliswa kwezinqubomgomo ezifanele. Uma lezi zinqubomgomo seziqalisiwe, zizoba nomthelela oqondile ekuthunyelweni kwamanye amazwe kwezinqwaba zokushaja. Njengoba zibhekene nalezi zinselele namathuba, izinkampani zaseShayina ezikhokhisa inqwaba kumele ziphendule kalula izinguquko zemakethe, ziqinise ukubambisana nozakwethu bendawo, futhi zihlole ngokuhlanganyela izimakethe zaphesheya kwezilwandle. Ngokusebenzisa amathuba enqubomgomo, ukuqinisa ukusungulwa kwe-R&D nokwandisa ukubambisana kwesiteshi, izinkampani zaseShayina ezikhokhisa inqwaba kulindeleke ukuthi zithole impumelelo enkulu ezimakethe zaphesheya.
Susie
I-Sichuan Green Science & Technology Ltd., Co.
0086 19302815938
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jan-09-2024
