Izinga le-IEC 62196: Inguquko yokushaja Imoto Kagesi

I-International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) idlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni nasekugcineni amazinga omhlaba wonke obuchwepheshe bukagesi. Phakathi kweminikelo yayo ephawulekayo izinga le-IEC 62196, elakhelwe ngokukhethekile ukubhekana nengqalasizinda eshajayo yezimoto zikagesi (EVs). Njengoba isidingo sezinto zokuhamba esimeme siqhubeka nokukhula, i-IEC 62196 iye yavela njengesiqondiso esibalulekile kubakhiqizi, abahlinzeki bezinsizakalo, kanye nabathengi ngokufanayo.

I-IEC 62196, enesihloko esisemthethweni esithi “Amapulagi, izisekelo, izixhumi zezimoto, nezindawo zokungena zezimoto – Ukushaja okuqhutshwayo kwezimoto zikagesi,” ibeka isisekelo sesistimu yokushaja iyunifomu nokusebenzelana kwama-EV. Ikhishwe ezingxenyeni eziningi, indinganiso iveza imininingwane yezixhumi zokushaja, izivumelwano zokuxhumana, nezinyathelo zokuphepha, ikhuthaza ukuhambisana nokusebenza kahle kuyo yonke indawo ye-EV.

Enye yezinto ezibalulekile ze-IEC 62196 imininingwane yayo enemininingwane yezixhumi zokushaja. Izinga lichaza izindlela zokushaja ezahlukahlukene, njengeModi 1, Imodi 2, Imodi 3, neModi 4, ngayinye ihlinzeka ngezimo zokushaja ezihlukene namaleveli wamandla. Ibhekana nezici ezibonakalayo zezixhumi, iqinisekisa idizayini esezingeni elenza ukuxhumana okungenazihibe kuzo zonke iziteshi zokushaja ezihlukene namamodeli e-EV.

Ukuze unike amandla ukuxhumana okusebenzayo phakathi kwe-EV nengqalasizinda eshajayo, i-IEC 62196 icacisa izimiso zokushintshisana ngedatha. Lokhu kuxhumana kubalulekile ekulawuleni izikhathi zokushaja, ukuqapha isimo sokushaja, kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuphepha phakathi nenqubo yokushaja. Izinga lihlanganisa ukunikezwa kwakho kokubili ukushaja kwe-AC (Alternating Current) kanye ne-DC (Direct Current), okuvumela ukuguquguquka nokuhambisana nezimo zokushaja ezihlukahlukene.

Ukuphepha kuyinkinga enkulu ekushajweni kwezimoto zikagesi, futhi i-IEC 62196 ibhekana nalokhu ngokuhlanganisa izinyathelo zokuphepha eziqinile. Izinga lichaza izimfuneko zokuvikelwa ekushayweni kukagesi, imikhawulo yamazinga okushisa, nokumelana nezinto zemvelo, iqinisekisa ukuthi okokusebenza kokushaja kuqinile futhi kuvikelekile. Ukuthobela lezi zinyathelo zokuphepha kuthuthukisa ukuzethemba kwabasebenzisi kubuchwepheshe bezimoto zikagesi.

I-IEC 62196 ibe nomthelela omkhulu emakethe yezimoto zikagesi emhlabeni jikelele ngokuhlinzeka ngohlaka olujwayelekile lokushaja ingqalasizinda. Ukwamukelwa kwayo kuqinisekisa ukuthi abasebenzisi be-EV bangakwazi ukushaja izimoto zabo eziteshini zokushaja ezihlukene, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yimuphi umenzi noma indawo. Lokhu kusebenzisana kukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa okusebenziseka kalula nokusabalele ukwamukelwa kwezimoto zikagesi, okunomthelela ekuguqukeni komhlaba wonke okuya kwezokuthutha ezisimeme.

Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka futhi nemakethe yezimoto zikagesi iqhubeka nokukhula, izinga le-IEC 62196 cishe lizothuthukiswa ukuze libhekane nezitayela ezivelayo kanye nezinto ezintsha. Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kwezinga kubalulekile ukuze kuhambisane nentuthuko yobuchwepheshe bokushaja, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lihlala liyisisekelo embonini yezimoto zikagesi.

I-IEC 62196 ime njengobufakazi bokubaluleka kokulinganisa ekukhuthazeni ukukhula kwezimoto zikagesi. Ngokuhlinzeka ngohlaka olubanzi lwengqalasizinda yokushaja, izixhumi, izimiso zokuxhumana, nezinyathelo zokuphepha, izinga lidlale indima ebalulekile ekubumbeni ikusasa elisimeme nelifinyelelekayo lokuhamba kukagesi. Njengoba umphakathi womhlaba uya ngokuya wamukela izimoto zikagesi, i-IEC 62196 isalokhu iyisibani, eqondisa imboni ohlelweni lwezemvelo lokushaja oluvumelanayo neliphumelelayo.