Inkathi yangemva kobhubhane ilethe igagasi elisha lesidingo esikhulu samafutha ezokuthutha. Ngokombono wembulunga yonke, izinkambu ezikhipha umoya osindayo njengezokundiza nokuthunyelwa kwemikhumbi zibheka ama-biofuel njengenye yezibaseli eziyinhloko zokususa ikhabhoni embonini yezokuthutha. Siyini isimo samanje sokusungulwa kwe-biofuel technology? Angakanani amandla okufaka isicelo ezindaweni okunzima ukuzikhipha ikhabhoni? Ithini inqubomgomo yamazwe athuthukile?
Izinga lokukhula lonyaka lomkhiqizo lidinga ukusheshiswa
Kuze kube manje, i-bioethanol ne-biodiesel kusengama-biofuels asetshenziswa kakhulu. I-Bioethanol isabambe isikhundla esiphezulu kuma-biofuels emhlabeni jikelele. Akukwazi nje ukusebenza njengophethiloli ovuselelekayo futhi osimeme ukuze kuncishiswe ukusetshenziswa kukawoyela, kodwa futhi ingasetshenziswa njengezinto ezisetshenziswayo ezihlukahlukene nezincibilikisayo embonini yamakhemikhali.
I-International Energy Agency (IEA) iveze embikweni we-“Renewable Energy 2023” ukuthi uma i-net-zero emissions target by 2050 izofezwa, ukukhiqizwa kwe-biofuel emhlabeni wonke kumele kukhuphuke ngesilinganiso sonyaka esiyi-11% kusukela manje kuya ku-2030. . Kulindeleke ukuthi ekupheleni kuka-2030, uwoyela wasekhishini, imfucumfucu yokudla kanye notshani bezitshalo kube nenani eliphakeme kakhulu lentengo. i-biofuel eluhlaza, ifinyelela ku-40%.
I-IEA ithe izinga lamanje lokukhula kokukhiqizwa kwe-biofuel alikwazi ukusiza ukufeza umgomo we-net zero ngo-2050. Kusukela ngo-2018 kuya ku-2022, izinga lokukhula lonyaka lokukhiqizwa kwe-biofuel emhlabeni jikelele li-4% kuphela. Ngo-2050, ingxenye yokusetshenziswa kwe-biofuel emikhakheni yezindiza, eyasolwandle kanye neyemigwaqo emikhulu izodinga ukuthi ifinyelele ku-33%, 19% kanye no-3%.
I-IEA ilindele ukuthi isidingo se-biofuel emhlabeni wonke sikhule ngamalitha ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-35 ngonyaka phakathi kuka-2022 no-2027. Phakathi kwazo, ukukhula kokusetshenziswa kukadizili ovuselelekayo kanye nophethiloli we-bio-jet cishe kuqhamuka emazweni athuthukile kwezomnotho; ukukhula kwe-bioethanol kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-biodiesel cishe ngokuphelele kusuka kwezomnotho ezisafufusa.
Phakathi kuka-2022 no-2027, isabelo se-biofuels emkhakheni kaphethiloli wezokuthutha emhlabeni wonke sizokhuphuka sisuka ku-4.3% siye ku-5.4%. Ngo-2027, isidingo sikaphethiloli we-bio-jet emhlabeni wonke kulindeleke ukuthi sikhule sifinyelele kumalitha ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-3.9 ngonyaka, izikhathi ezingama-37 kunangowezi-2021, okuhlanganisa cishe u-1% wengqikithi yokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli wendiza.
Uphethiloli osebenzayo kakhulu wokuthutha i-decarbonizing
Kunzima kakhulu ukukhipha imboni yezokuthutha. I-IEA ikholelwa ukuthi esikhathini esifushane kuya kweliphakathi, ama-biofuels ayindlela esebenziseka kakhulu yokususa ikhabhoni kwezokuthutha. Ukukhiqizwa komhlaba wonke kwama-biofuel esimeme kuzodingeka kuphindwe kathathu phakathi kwamanje no-2030 ukuze kuzuzwe umgomo wokukhipha i-net-zero ephumayo kwezokuthutha ngo-2050.
Kukhona ukuvumelana okubanzi kwemboni ukuthi ama-biofuels ahlinzeka ngenketho encintisanayo yokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwesisi esibamba ukushisa okuvela emkhakheni wezokuthutha emashumini eminyaka ezayo. Eqinisweni, ukuhambisana nengqalasizinda ekhona kaphethiloli wezinto ezimbiwa phansi kwenza ama-biofuels abe yinketho engokoqobo yokuthatha indawo yamafutha ezinsalela emikhunjini ekhona.
Nakuba izimoto zikagesi zithuthuka ngokushesha, igebe lempahla edingekayo ekukhiqizeni amabhethri amakhulu kanye nobunzima bokubeka izindawo zokushaja ezindaweni ezingathuthukisiwe kusenezinselele ekuthathweni kwazo okusabalele. Esikhathini esimaphakathi kuya kwelide, njengoba imboni yezokuthutha ifakelwe ugesi, ukusetshenziswa kwe-biofuel kuzodlulela emikhakheni okunzima ukuyifakela ugesi, efana nezokundiza kanye nezolwandle.
“Ama-biofuels awuketshezi afana ne-bioethanol ne-biodiesel angakwazi ukuthatha indawo kaphethiloli kanye nodizili ngokuqondile, anikeze ezinye izindlela ezivuthiwe neziyingozi emakethe elawulwa yizimoto zenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi,” kusho uHeitor Cantarella, uchwepheshe we-Agricultural Research Institute of Campinas eBrazil.
izwe lami futhi liyasheshisa ukuthunyelwa kwama-biofuels emkhakheni wezokuthutha. Ngo-2023, ukusetshenziswa kukaphalafini kwezindiza ezweni lami kuzoba amathani alinganiselwa ezigidini ezingama-38.83, kanti ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni okuqondile okudlula amathani ayizigidi eziyi-123, okuzobalelwa ku-1% wengqikithi yokukhishwa kwekhabhoni yezwe. Ngokwengqikithi “yekhabhoni ephindwe kabili”, uphethiloli wendiza esimeme uyindlela engenzeka kakhulu yokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni embonini yezokundiza.
U-Mo Dingge, uSihlalo kanye noNobhala Weqembu le-Sinopec Ningbo Zhenhai Refining and Chemical Co., Ltd., usanda kwethula iziphakamiso ezifanele zokwakha uhlelo lwemboni kaphethiloli yendiza olusimeme olufanelana neqiniso laseChina: kusheshiswe ukusungulwa kokuhlinzeka ngezinga elikhulu neliphumelelayo. uhlelo lwezinto zokusetshenziswa ezisekelwe ku-bio ezifana nowoyela ongcolile namafutha; uhlelo lwezwe lami oluzimele nolulawulekayo lokunikeza izitifiketi kanye nohlelo oluthuthukisiwe lokusekela inqubomgomo yezimboni lukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa okunempilo kwemboni eqhubekayo yamafutha ezindiza.
I-United States ne-Europe zinikeza inqubomgomo izintandokazi
Phakathi kwezomnotho ezithuthukile, i-United States imatasa kakhulu ekukhuthazeni ukuthuthukiswa kwama-biofuels. Kubikwa iMelika yabele imboni yebiofuel iUS$9.7 billion ngomthetho weInflation Reduction Act.
NgoFebhuwari, i-US Environmental Protection Agency kanye noMnyango Wezamandla wase-US ngokuhlanganyela bakhipha isimemezelo esithi izimali ezikhishwe ngaphansi koMthetho Wokuncishiswa Kokwehla kwamandla emali zizobekwa eqhulwini ukuze zabelwe izinkampani ezinomphumela omkhulu wamaphrojekthi wobuchwepheshe be-biofuel ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza nokunciphisa izindleko ze-biofuel. ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza.
UJoseph Goffman, oyisikhulu eHhovisi Le-EPA Lezomoya Nemisebe, uthe: “Lesi sinyathelo siklanyelwe ukugqugquzela ukuqanjwa kabusha kokukhiqizwa kwe-biofuel okuthuthukisiwe.” UJeff Marootian, isekela likanobhala oyinhloko wokonga ugesi namandla avuselelekayo eMnyangweni Wezamandla wase-US, uthe: “Ukutshalwa kwezimali kubuchwepheshe be-biofuel, ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nesidingo esikhulayo samafutha endiza esimeme kanye namanye ama-biofuel anekhabhoni ephansi.”
Amanye amazwe angamalungu e-EU akholelwa ukuthi ama-biofuels kufanele afakwe kuhlaka lwe-EU lwe-carbon-neutral fuel ukuqinisekisa ikhono lemboni lokuheha ukutshalwa kwezimali.
I-European Court of Auditors ithi i-EU ayinalo isu lesikhathi eside lama-biofuels, okungahle kubukela phansi imigomo yesifunda yokususa i-carbonisation. Eqinisweni, isimo se-EU mayelana ne-biofuels besilokhu sintengantenga. Phambilini ibihlose ukwandisa ingxenye yama-biofuels ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla ezokuthutha emgwaqeni ifinyelele ku-10% ngo-2020, kodwa yawushiya lo mgomo. Njengamanje, i-EU iyaqaphela ukuthi ama-biofuels anamandla amakhulu kwezokundiza, ezokuthutha kanye neminye imikhakha, futhi iphinde ithole ukuzethemba ekuthuthukisweni.
U-Nikolaos Milionis, isikhulu seNkantolo YaseYurophu Yokucwaninga Amabhuku, uvumile ukuthi uhlaka lwenqubomgomo ye-biofuel ye-EU luyinkimbinkimbi futhi luye lwashintsha njalo eminyakeni engu-20 edlule. “Ama-biofuels angaba nomthelela emgomweni we-EU wokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni futhi athuthukise ukuphepha kwawo kwamandla, kodwa kusenokuntuleka kwezinhlelo zentuthuko ezicacile neziqinisekile. Ukushoda kweziqondiso zenqubomgomo ngokungangabazeki kuzokwandisa ubungozi bokutshalwa kwezimali futhi kunciphise ukukhanga kwemboni ye-biofuels yaseYurophu. "
Susie
I-Sichuan Green Science & Technology Ltd., Co.
0086 19302815938
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-30-2024
