Imakethe yezimoto zikagesi e-UK iyaqhubeka nokusheshisa - futhi, naphezu kokuntuleka kwama-chip, ngokuvamile ayikhombisi zimpawu zokwehla kwegiya:
IYurophu yadlula iShayina yaba yimakethe enkulu kunazo zonke yama-EV ngesikhathi sobhubhane - okwenza u-2020 waba unyaka oqopha umlando wezimoto zikagesi.
Enye inkampani enkulu yezimoto, iToyota, imemezele ukuthio uzosebenzisa amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-13.6 kumabhethri e-EV ngo-2030, futhi uzokwandisa kakhulu intuthuko yawo ye-izimoto zikagesi ezisebenzisa ibhethri.
Ukuthengiswa kwezimoto ezintsha ezihlanganisiwe nezisebenza ngogesi eGreat Britain kufinyelele ku-85% wokuthengiswa kwedizili ngoJuni 2021 futhi kubukeka sengathi kuzokhula.ukuthathwa ekupheleni konyaka.
Lezi zimoto zidinga ukushajwa ndawana thize – futhi yilapho oqala khona, ngesisombululo sakho esisha sokushaja i-EV.
Uma uhlela intuthuko yakho, kungase kubonakale kuyindlela elula yokudonsela isethi yezingxenye ezishibhile kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, qaphela - lokhu kungaholela ekungathembeki, okuzobiza kakhulu kunezinye izindleko zokonga kokuqala ekwakheni. Ikakhulukazi, ukunikezwa kwamandla kwekhwalithi enhle, izingxenye ezishintshayo kanye nama-socket kubalulekile ekudaleni i-EVSE ethembekile (Imishini Yokunikeza Izimoto Zikagesi).
Qhubeka ufunde njengoba sinikeza umbono jikelele wezinyathelo ezibalulekile ezidingekayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ngempumelelo uhlelo lokushaja lwe-EV kanye nenethiwekhi. Kuyo yonke le mhlahlandlela, sizobe simboza ukuthuthukiswa kwamashaja ahlakaniphile. Isizathu salokhu singatholakala lapha.
Umhlahlandlela Wakho Obalulekile we-Desiukuxhuma isistimu yokushaja ye-EV
Okuqukethwe:
Isinyathelo 1. Kungani Wena?
Isinyathelo 2: Hlobo luni lweshaja?
Isinyathelo 3: Ukukhetha ithagethi
Isinyathelo 4: Ukunqoba umhlaba
Isinyathelo 5: i-biology yendawo yokushaja
Isinyathelo 6: Isofthiwe yesistimu yokushaja ye-EV
Isinyathelo 7: Ukuxhumana
Isinyathelo 8: Ukwenza okwengeziwe
Isiphetho
Isinyathelo 1: Kungani wena?
Lona ngumbuzo wokuqala okudingeka uzibuze wona ngokombono webhizinisi.
Ithuba alilinganiimpumelelo yangempela, kanye nemakethe yokushaja i-EV iya ngokuya igcwala. Lona umbuzo amakhasimende azowubuza lapho ehlola umkhiqizo wakho, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi ikhambi lakho libe ne-USP - indawo yokuthengisa ehlukile - futhi lixazulula inkinga.
Indawo yomunye umgwaqo ongaphandleIshaja yebhokisi elimhlophe le-e-shelf ilinganiselwe, futhi izinhlelo zokushaja ze-EV ziwutshalomali olukhulu, ngakho-ke indlela entsha ibalulekile.
Kwezinye izinkampani, umehluko uzoba mayelana nendlela yazo yokuya emakethe kunomkhiqizo ngokwawo.
Isinyathelo 2: Hlobo luni lweshaja?
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zeshaja ye-EV:
indawo oya kuyo – amashaja e-AC ahamba kancane, avame ukusetshenziselwa ukushaja ekhaya
endleleni – amandla aphezulu, amashaja e-DC asheshayo ukuze kusheshiswe izikhathi zokushaja
Ukwakha ishaja ye-AC kushibhile kakhulu futhi kulula kakhulu. Futhi, umsebenzi omningi owufaka esixazululweni se-AC usazosebenza lapho udala isiteshi sokushaja okusheshayo se-DC.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, iningi lamashaja e-EV lizoba yi-AC ngokuhamba kwesikhathi - ekupheleni kuka-2019, yi-11% kuphela yamashaja aseYurophu ayeyi-DC. Kodwa-ke, umncintiswano emkhakheni we-AC nawo mkhulu kakhulu.
Okokuqala, ake sithi ukhethe ukwakha ishaja oya kuyo. Lokhu kungatholakala ezindleleni zokushayela zokushaja ekhaya, emahhovisi, ezindaweni zokupaka izimoto ezihlala isikhathi eside nakwezinye izindawo lapho izimoto zizoshiywa khona isikhathi esingaphezu kwamahora amabili.
Isinyathelo 3: Ukukhetha ithagethi
Ingxenye enkulu yomhlaba wezingqalasizinda ze-EV ihileleke 'ekugijimeni kuze kube sezingeni eliphansi', izama ukwenza okungabizi ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze ifinyelele emakethe enkulu yasekhaya.
Ukuthenga imoto kagesi – kungaba yi-plug-in hybrid (PHEV) noma imoto kagesi yebhethri (BEV) – kuwutshalomali olukhulu kunoma ubani.
Ishaja okufanele ihambisane nemoto, nakuba ingeyona imali engalindelekile, ibhekwa njengento 'okumelwe ibe nayo' engathandeki. Ngenxa yalesi simo sengqondo, kanye namashaja amaningi athengiswa ngabakhi bezindlu noma abafaki, abathengi cishe bakhetha inketho eshibhile.
Olunye uhlangothi lwemakethe lubhekiswe kumakhasimende ezentengiselwano kanye nemikhumbi.
Izinkontileka zenani eliphezulu ziza nokugcizelela kakhulu isikhathi eside kanye nekhwalithi. Lezi zixazululo zezentengiselwano, ikakhulukazi lezo zokukhokhisa umphakathi, zidinga futhi ukugunyazwa kanye nokuqoqwa kwemali engenayo, okuvame ukudinga isofthiwe ye-OCPP [Open Charge Point Protocol] kanye nesikhungo se-RFID.
Amashaja ebhizinisi nawo kulindeleke ukuthi abe namandla kakhulu kunalawo asekhaya.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ibhizinisi lakho lingakunikeza ububanzi, kodwa akuyona into encane ukuthuthukisa uhlelo lokushaja oluphelele lwe-EV.
Iziteshi Zokuthengisa Nomzila Oya Emakethe
Ukuqala ngemakethe eyodwa okuqondiwe kuyothuthukisa amathuba akho empumelelo.
Imakethe yamashaja e-EV incintisana kakhulu ngakho udinga isiteshi sokuthengisa emakethe lapho unganikeza khona ithuba ngaphezu kwabancintisana nabo.
Isinyathelo 4: Ukunqoba umhlaba…
...Noma cha. Iningi lenu eliphenya ngomzamo wokushaja i-EV lizosetshenziswa ekuhlolweni kokuhambisana nomthetho, mhlawumbe ezifundeni eziningi.
Ngeshwa, ngamaphuzu okukhokhisa i-EV isikhathi kanye nezindleko kukhulu kunemikhiqizo ejwayelekile ye-elekthronikhi. Izindinganiso ze-EVSE, ngaphezu kokuthobela imithetho evamile, ziyahlukahluka ngezwe, ngisho nangaphakathi kwezindawo zokuhweba ezifana ne-EU. Njengebhizinisi, ukuhlonza izifunda zakho eziqondiwe kanye nemithetho yazo ehlobene nazo ekuqaleni kubaluleke kakhulu.
Ngaphezu kwezindinganiso zokushaja ze-EVSE, amazwe anemithetho yawo yokuxhuma izintambo echaza ukuthi imishini emikhulu ixhunywe kanjani kugridi. E-UK lokhu kuyi-BS7671.
Le mithetho ithinta ngqo umklamo weshaja.
Ukuvikelwa Okungathathi hlangothi Okuphukile
Njengenkampani yase-UK, umthetho owodwa esinawo oqondene ngqo naleli lizwe yi-Broken Neutral Protection. Lena yinkinga ephikisana kakhulu emakethe yokushaja yase-UK ngenxa yezindinganiso zokuxhuma izintambo zase-UK kanye nokuphazamiseka nezinkinga zobuchwepheshe ezihlobene nokusetshenziswa kwezinduku zoMhlaba.
Uma ibhizinisi lakho lihlela ukuthengisa emakethe yase-UK, le nselele yokuklama kuzodingeka inqotshwe.
Isifinyezo esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka sesistimu yokushaja i-EV
Isinyathelo 5: Ibhayoloji yendawo yokushaja
Kunezigaba ezintathu ezibonakalayo zomklamo weshaja ye-EV: i-casing, i-cabling kanye ne-electronics.
Uma uklama lezi zici, khumbula ukuthi lezi zizoba yizingqalasizinda ezibizayo, futhi kuzodingeka zihlale isikhathi eside.
Amakhasimende, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi amabhizinisi noma abantu ngabanye, azolindela ukuthi amashaja e-EV ahlale iminyaka eminingi, ngaphandle kokulungiswa okuningi.
Ukwethembeka kubalulekile.
Ibhokisi
Umklamo we-enclosure uyinhlanganisela yobuhle, amanani kanye nezinqumo ezisebenzayo.
Usayizi uyahlukahluka kakhulu ngenani lama-socket kanye namandla eshaja. Ezinye izinqumo okudingeka zenziwe, kanye nokucatshangelwa, zifaka:
Ingabe kuzoba ibhokisi lodonga, iyunithi yokuma noma into ehlukile?
Indlela ishaja ebonwa ngayo ibalulekile, ingabe kudingeka ingabonakali noma ivelele?
Ingabe kudingeka kube yisivikelo sokucekela phansi?
Usayizi? Kukhona umncintiswano wemakethe wokwenza ishaja encane kunazo zonke, isibonelo.
Isilinganiso se-IP – ukungena kwamanzi kungalimaza ishaja.
Ubuhle – kusukela kokushibhile ngangokunokwenzeka kuya kokunethezeka (isb., ukhuni)
Ikesi lifakwa kanjani?
Ingabe ukufakwa kuzoba yizigaba ezimbili isib., i-bracket yodonga elungiswe ngumakhi wendlu izinyanga ngaphambi kokuba kufakwe ishaja yangempela? Lokhu kwenzelwa ukunciphisa umonakalo kanye nokwebiwa kanye nezindleko zomakhi wendlu.
Isibambi sekhebula: inani elikhulu lamaphutha okushaja axhunyiwe abangelwa amapulagi okushaja onakele noma amanzi avela kubabambi bekhebula abangafakwanga kahle.
Njengomkhiqizo wangaphandle, ikesi lizodinga nesilinganiso se-IP ngokusobala, futhi kuzodingeka isikhala samakhebula amakhulu.
Ukuxhuma izintambo
Ngaphezu kokuthwala amaza aphezulu phakathi kwemoto neshaja, ikhebula lokushaja liphinde linakekele ukuxhumana phakathi kwalezi zinto ezimbili.
Okwamanje kunezindinganiso eziyisishiyagalombili ezahlukene zokuxhuma ezisetshenziswayo, ku-AC naku-DC - ezihlukahluka kusuka kumkhiqizo kuya kumkhiqizo kanye nesifunda kuya esifundeni.
Izindinganiso zesikhathi esizayo azikacaci, ngakho-ke qiniseka ukuthi awucwaningi nje kuphela ngezinga lamanje, kodwa nokuthi izinga lizoba yini eminyakeni embalwa ezayo lapho ukhetha ukuthi yini ozoyisekela.
Amashaja angadalwa ngezintambo eziboshiwe noma ezingaboshiwe. Eyokuqala ilula kakhulu ngokuvamile, kodwa ikhiya ishaja kuhlobo oluthile lwesixhumi. Izinketho ezingaboshiwe ziguquguquka kakhulu, okuvumela umsebenzisi ukuthi abe nekhebula elifanela imoto yakhe, noma kunjalo, lokhu kudinga indlela yokukhiya.
Ngaphezu kwezintambo zangaphandle, kuzoba nezintambo zangaphakathi okudingeka zibhekwe ekwakhiweni kwemishini, njengoba izidingo zamandla zisho ukuthi zingaba zinkulu.
Izinto zikagesi
Ngokuyisisekelo, ishaja ye-AC empeleni iyiswishi kagesi enokuxhumana phakathi kwemoto neshaja. Inhloso yayo eyinhloko ukuphepha kukagesi, kanye nekhono lokunciphisa amandla athathwa yimoto.
Incazelo elula kakhulu ye-EVSE – njengoba zaziwa kanjalo – ingatholakala ku-OpenEVSE. Ibhodi le-EEL likaVersinetic liyindlela ehlukile kwezentengiselwano yalokhu.
Esinye isici esibalulekile esidingekayo endaweni yokushaja ehlakaniphile ye-AC isilawuli sokuxhumana, esivame ukutholakala njengamakhompyutha ebhodi elilodwa. Ibhodi le-Versinetic le-MantaRay liyisibonelo salokhu. Ungabe usuqedela uhlelo lokushaja olunama-contactor nama-RCD (ukuvuza kwe-AC ne-DC) ukuze uphephe.
Amashaja ahlakaniphile engeza ukuxhumana kushaja ukuze avumele ishaja ukuthi ijoyine inethiwekhi elawulwa yifu.
Ukuxhumana kwangempela okukhethiwe kuncike kakhulu endaweni yokugcina yeshaja. Abanye abathuthukisi bakhetha i-Wi-Fi noma i-GSM, kanti kwezinye izimo, amazinga ezintambo njenge-RS485 noma i-Ethernet angase abe ngcono.
Kungase kube namabhodi engeziwe okulawula izibonisi, ukugunyazwa nokuningi, kuye ngokuthi uhlelo luyinkimbinkimbi kangakanani.
Lokhu kubalulekile ukukucabanga lapho uhlela i-electronics yesistimu yakho yokushaja i-EV.
Isokhethi, ama-relay kanye nama-contactor azoshisa uma eseshajwe ngokugcwele. Lokhu kudinga ukucatshangelwa ekwakhiweni kwezimboni njengoba ukushisa kunganciphisa impilo yezingxenye. Isokhethi elisengozini kakhulu njengoba lingavezwa yizinto kanye nemijikelezo yokuhlangana kuzobangela ukuguguleka.
Izinkinga zemvelo - ububanzi bokusebenza kwezinga lokushisa
Ingabe i-EVSE yakho izoklanywa ukuthi isetshenziswe ezimweni zokushisa eziphakeme? Izingxenye ezijwayelekile zobubanzi bokushisa kwezentengiselwano zilinganiselwe ku-0-70 C, kanti ububanzi bokushisa kwezimboni bungu--40 kuya ku-+85.
Cabanga ngalokhu kusenesikhathi ngangokunokwenzeka ekuthuthukisweni kwakho.
Isinyathelo 6: Isofthiwe yesistimu yokushaja ye-EV
Ibhulokhi yesofthiwe yokuthuthukisa idinga ukuhambisana nezindinganiso eziningi, futhi ingaba yingxenye edla isikhathi esiningi kakhulu yephrojekthi.
Imakethe yezimoto zikagesi isencane, uma kuqhathaniswa, ngakho-ke amazinga nemithetho eminingi isashintsha futhi iyavuselelwa. Uhlelo lwakho lokushaja kumele lube nohlelo lokunikeza izibuyekezo oluthembekile ukuze lubhekane nalo, njengoba kungenakwenzeka ukubikezela zonke izinguquko ezizokwenzeka.
Uma uhlela inethiwekhi yanoma yiluphi usayizi, lokhu kuzodingeka kwenziwe kusetshenziswa i-OTA (izibuyekezo zasemoyeni). Lokhu kuza nezinselele zokuphepha ezengeziwe - ukukhathazeka okwandayo ngokwakhiwa kwesistimu yokushaja ye-EV.
Amabhulokhi esofthiwe yokushaja i-EV
I-Firmware
Isofthiwe efakiwe elawula imishini yesimo evula futhi ivale ishaja.
I-IEC 61851
Iphrothokholi yokuxhumana eyisisekelo esetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokushaja ze-AC zohlobo 1 no-2 phakathi kweshaja nemoto. Ulwazi olushintshaniswayo lapha luhlanganisa ukuthi ukushaja kuqala nini, kuma nini kanye nogesi imoto ewudonsayo.
I-OCPP
Lena indinganiso yomhlaba wonke yokuxhumana ngeshaja nehhovisi elingemuva, eyadalwa yi-Open Charge Alliance (OCA). Uhlelo lwakamuva luyi-2.0.1, kodwa ukushaja okuhlakaniphile okuyisisekelo kungafinyelelwa nge-OCPP 1.6.
Ukuhlola i-OCPP kungenziwa njengesevisi yi-OCA noma ku-OCA Plugfests, okwenzeka izikhathi ezingu-2-3 ngonyaka, futhi kukuvumela ukuthi uhlole uhlelo lwakho ngokumelene nabahlinzeki behhovisi elingemuva kanye nezinga le-OCPP.
Imininingwane ye-OCPP inezici ezidingekayo nezikhethwayo, kusukela ekulawuleni ishaja okuyisisekelo kuya ekuphepheni okuphezulu kanye nokubhukha. Kuzodingeka ukhethe izinga le-OCPP olidingayo, kanye nezingxenye zezindinganiso okudingeka uzisekele kuhlelo lwakho lokusebenza.
Isixhumanisi sewebhu kanye nohlelo lokusebenza
Ukucushwa kweshaja kanye nokubhaliswa kokuqala kuzodingeka kwenziwe lula, kokubili kumphathi wenethiwekhi kanye nomfaki. Kunezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokwenza lokhu, kodwa isikhombikubona sewebhu noma uhlelo lokusebenza kuvamile.
Ama-SIM asekelayo
Uma usebenzisa imodyuli ye-GSM, udinga ukucabangela indawo yokuthengiswa komkhiqizo njengoba amazinga e-GSM ehluka phakathi kwamazwekazi futhi okwamanje ayashintsha njengoba amazinga amadala ecinywa (isb., i-3G) esikhundleni salawo amasha - njenge-LTE-CATM.
Izinkontileka ze-SIM nazo zidinga ukuphathwa ukuze izindleko zazo zimbozwe ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka kumakhasimende. Futhi, ngezinkontileka ze-SIM, kuzodingeka ucabangele indawo.
Ukunikeza ishaja yakho
Ukufakwa kwangempela kweshaja kuyingxenye enkulu yomzamo wesofthiwe, ikakhulukazi uma ishaja ingasekeli uxhumano lwe-GSM ngakho-ke idinga ukuxhumeka kunethiwekhi yendawo. Indlela lokhu okwenziwa ngayo ingenza umehluko omkhulu kokuhlangenwe nakho kwamakhasimende.
Qaphela ukuthi ikhasimende lingaba umthengi wokugcina noma umfaki ochwepheshe, kuye ngokuthi imakethe eqondiwe ikuphi. Emakethe yabathengi, ishaja kudingeka ibe lula ukuyinamathisela kunethiwekhi yokuxhumana nokuqapha, isib., kusuka kuhlelo lokusebenza.
Ezokuphepha - uhlela amazinga amangaki eshaja yakho?
Ukuphepha kuyindaba eshisayo ngemuva kokuhlaselwa kwe-IoT ransomware futhi kunezizathu eziningi zokucabanga ukuthi amanethiwekhi okushaja azoba yinhloso yokuhlaselwa okufanayo esikhathini esizayo uma kubhekwa umonakalo ongadalwa ukuhlaselwa okunjalo. Izinga lizohluka ngokuya ngendawo yokufaka.
Isinyathelo 6: Isofthiwe
Cishe wonke amashaja ahlakaniphile akhona njengengxenye yenethiwekhi. Izibonelo ezimbalwa zifaka phakathi i-Ecotricity kanye ne-BP Pulse. Lawa mashaja axhunywe ku-Charging Station Management System (CSMS), noma ihhovisi elingemuva.
Njengomkhiqizi wokushaja, ungakhetha ukuthuthukisa isixazululo sakho sangemuva, noma ukhokhe imali yelayisensi yesisombululo senkampani yangaphandle. I-Versinetic ibambisene ne-Saascharge; ezinye izibonelo zifaka phakathi i-Allego kanye ne-has.to.be.
I-CSMS ivumela:
Ukuthengiswa kwamaphuzu okukhokhisa
Ukulinganisela umthwalo phakathi kwamashaja aseduze
Ukulawula kude kwamashaja, kusetshenziswa uhlelo lokusebenza isibonelo
Ukusebenzisana phakathi kwamanethiwekhi
Ukuqapha isimo sokugcinwa
Kunezinye izindlela – njengamanethiwekhi alawulwa endaweni – ezingase zifaneleke ukushaja izimoto zangasese, isibonelo.
Ezinye izimo lapho ukulawulwa kwendawo kungaba usizo khona zifaka phakathi izindawo ezinesignali engeyinhle, kanye namanethiwekhi lapho ukulinganisela umthwalo ngokushesha kuyinto eza kuqala – isibonelo, lapho ukunikezwa kwamandla kungathembekile.
Ngaphakathi komongo wehadiwe yethu, isilawuli sokuxhumana cishe sizoba ne-OCPP ehlanganisiwe, futhi kamuva lapho sihlola ukushaja kwe-DC, i-ISO 15118 futhi. Ngakho-ke, isidingo esibalulekile sehadiwe yebhodi lokuxhumana yi-microcontroller ekwazi ukuphatha i-OCPP kanye neminye imitapo yolwazi yesofthiwe.
Isinyathelo 8: Ukwenza okwengeziwe
Ubuchwepheshe obengeziwe ongabufaka esixazululweni sakho sokushaja.
Kuyisigaba nje
Izindawo eziningi zokushaja okwamanje zisebenzisa amandla esigaba esisodwa ukushaja; nokho, ezinye izinhlelo zokushaja zisebenzisa amandla esigaba esi-3 ukwandisa amazinga okushaja. Isibonelo, i-Renault Zoe ingashajwa ku-22kW esikhundleni se-7.4kW uma usebenzisa izigaba ezi-3.
Ochwepheshe
Lokhu kushaja kusobala ukuthi kuyashesha futhi kungatholakala kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe be-AC, obuzokwenza ukuthi isidingo samashaja e-DC singabi sisasebenza.
Ububi
Ukunikezwa kukagesi kanye nokuphathwa kwegridi kuyinkinga enkulu: izindlu eziningi zasekhaya azinawo amandla ezigaba ezintathu noma i-bandwidth yaleli zinga lokushaja. Ama-contactor nama-relay ezigaba ezintathu nawo kuzodingeka ahlanganiswe nomklamo wokulawula ukushaja.
Izimoto ezithile kuphela ezisekela ukushaja kwezigaba ezintathu okwamanje, kodwa lokhu kuzothuthuka njengoba kukhishwa izinhlobo eziningi zezimoto zikagesi.
Ngamandla amakhulu kuza nomthwalo wemfanelo omkhulu; kunemithetho eyengeziwe mayelana nendlela izigaba ezisetshenziswa ngayo, isibonelo, lapho ukujikeleziswa kwesigaba kuyimfuneko eNorway. Njengakho konke ukuthobela imithetho, le mithetho iyahlukahluka kuye ngesifunda.
Isidingo sesivinini
Sekuyisikhathi sokukhuluma ngendlovu ekamelweni… futhi sixoxe nge-DC.
Ngaphakathi kwe-DC charge point, kufana kakhulu nokwakukhona kwi-AC counterpart yayo; nokho, i-voltage kanye ne-current ziphakeme, ziqala cishe ku-50kW.
Uma ushaja nge-AC charge point, isilawuli sokushaja sivame ukuxhumana ne-inverter etholakala emotweni eguqula amandla e-AC abe amandla e-DC ukuze ishaje ibhethri le-EV. Le inverter ingakwazi ukuphatha amandla amaningi kagesi, yingakho i-AC ihamba kancane kunokushaja kwe-DC.
Ngamashaja e-DC, le inverter ikwishaja esikhundleni salokho, ilayisha ingxenye ebizayo nesindayo yokusetha ishaja iyonke, endaweni egandayiwe.
Izindinganiso zokuxhumana nazo zihlukile.
Izinhlobo Zezixhumi
Njengoba izinhlelo zokushaja ze-AC zinohlobo 1 J1772, Uhlobo 2 nokuningi, izinhlelo zokushaja ze-DC zinazoI-CHAdeMO, i-CCS kanye ne-Tesla.
Iminyaka yamuva nje ibonileI-CHAdeMOukwehla kwavumela i-CCS, manje eseyamukelwe abakhiqizi bezimoto abaningi basentshonalanga. Kodwa-ke,I-CHAdeMOmanje seyakhe ubudlelwano neShayina, imakethe enkulu kunazo zonke yezimoto zikagesi emhlabeni, futhi iNingizimu Korea ibonakala izimisele ukujoyina.
Lokhu kwenzelwa ukubambisana ekuthuthukisweni kweI-CHAdeMO3.0 kanye ne-ChaoJi entsha ejwayelekile yaseShayina, engakwazi ukushaja ngamandla angaphezu kuka-500kW, futhi ihambisana nezindinganiso ze-CHAdeMO, CCS, kanye ne-GB/T.
I-CHAdeMOfuthi kusalokhu kuyindinganiso yokushaja ye-DC kuphela efake ikhono lokugeleza kwamandla eliqondiswe kabili kwe-V2G (Imoto-kuya-kuGrid). Futhi e-UK, i-V2G cishe izoduma ngenxa yentshisekelo evuselelwe yi-Ofgem, umlawuli wamandla wase-UK.
Njengonjiniyela weshaja ye-EV, lokhu kwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukunquma ukuthi yiziphi izinqubo okufanele zisekelwe.
II-CHAdeMOiphrothokholi ixhumana nge-interface ye-CAN nemoto ukulawula ukuphepha nokudlulisa amapharamitha ebhethri.
Isixhumi se-CCS sakhiwe yisixhumi sohlobo 1 noma 2 esinoxhumano olwengeziwe lwe-DC ngaphansi. Ngakho-ke, ukuxhumana okuyisisekelo kusaqhubeka kwenziwa ngokwe-IEC 61851. Ukuxhumana okusezingeni eliphezulu kwenziwa kusetshenziswa ukuxhumana okwengeziwe, kusetshenziswa i-DIN SPEC 70121 kanye ne-ISO/IEC 15118. I-ISO 15118 ivumela ukushaja 'kwe-plug-and-play', lapho ukugunyazwa kanye nokukhokha kuqedwa ngokuzenzakalelayo, ngaphandle kokuxhumana komshayeli.
Lezi yizithiyo ezibalulekile zesofthiwe eziza kanye ne-OCPP kanye ne-IEC 16851 ezithinta umsebenzi owengeziwe wokuthuthukiswa kwamashaja e-DC, futhi lokhu, kuhlanganiswe nenani eliphansi lokuthengisa kanye nezindleko eziphezulu ze-BOM kubonakala entengo yokuthengisa, engafinyelela ku-£30,000, esikhundleni se-£500 yeshaja ye-AC.
Okuvuselelwayo yonke indlela
Esikhathini esizayo esingekude kakhulu, abantu abaningi emhlabeni bazosebenzisa imithombo evuselelekayo.
Ikakhulukazi, amanye amanethiwekhi okushaja i-EV manje asebenzisa izixazululo zawo kancane kancane esebenzisa i-Solar PV. Kuzokwandisa imakethe yakho engaba khona uma ikhambi lakho lilungiselelwe ukusebenzisa amandla elanga kanye neminye imithombo evuselelekayo. Lokhu kuzodinga, phakathi kwezinye izici, ukuba nama-algorithms anamandla okulinganisela umthwalo ukuze kucatshangelwe uhlobo lwamandla elanga oluhlala lukhona.
Ukusebenzisa amandla endawo
Okuhambisana nokuhlinzekwa ngamandla elanga yikhono lamashaja e-EV lokusebenza esebenzisa amandla akhiqizwe endaweni, amandla elanga noma okunye. Indawo yokushaja ingaklanywa ukuze ibone imithombo yamandla ehlukene futhi ilinganisele komunye nomunye ukuze kuthuthukiswe izindleko nokuthembeka.
Isiphetho
Ngokukhula kwezinhlelo zokulwa nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu emhlabeni wonke, kuyacaca ukuthi izimoto zikagesi kanye nezinhlelo zokuthutha eziluhlaza ziyikusasa.
Kodwa-ke, injabulo ngethuba elinikezwa yimakethe ye-e-mobility enamandla futhi ehamba ngokushesha kumele ilinganiswe nendlela ehlelekile necophelelayo yokuhlela, ukuthuthukisa kanye nokulethwa kwesisombululo sakho sokushaja i-EV.
Sithemba ukuthi lo mhlahlandlela uzokusiza ekukunikeni ukuqonda ngezinye zezinkimbinkimbi zokudala i-EVSE yakho.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usebenza nethimba lakho lokuthuthukisa noma umeluleki wokuklama ukushaja kwe-EV njengeVersinetic, ukuba ne-USP ecacile kanye nemakethe eqondiwe, kanye nokuqaphela iphrojekthi yakho kanye nokuphathwa kokukhiqiza, kuzokunikeza isisekelo esihle somzila ophumelelayo oya emakethe.
Udinga isofthiwe yesistimu yokushaja ye-EV, ihadiwe, ukubonisana, noma ukuthuthukiswa komklamo?
Ukusebenzisa Iphrothokholi ye-OCPP Kwingqalasizinda Yakho Yokushaja I-EV!
Uma ungumkhiqizi weshaja ye-EV noma ibhizinisi elifuna ukusebenzisa iphrothokholi ye-OCPP engqalasizinda yakho yokushaja, funda lesi sihloko ukuze uthole isiqondiso ngezinto eziningana ezibalulekile okufanele uzicabangele.
I-Open Charge Point Protocol (OCPP) iyindinganiso yephrothokholi yokuxhumana eyaziwa emhlabeni wonke futhi eyamukelwa kabanzi echaza ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE) kanye ne-Charge Station Management System (CSMS).
Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola izindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokusebenzisa i-OCPP engqalasizinda yakho yokushaja i-EV kanye nendlela yokunqoba izinselele ezingaba khona.
Okuqukethwe
Izinzuzo Zokusebenzisa Iphrothokholi ye-OCPP Kwingqalasizinda Yakho Yokushaja I-EV
Izindlela Ezinhle Zokusebenzisa i-OCPP
Ukunqoba Izinselele
Ukudla okuthathayo
Udinga ukwesekwa kobuchwepheshe kokusetshenziswa kwe-OCPP yakho?
Izinzuzo Zokusebenzisa Iphrothokholi ye-OCPP Kwingqalasizinda Yakho Yokushaja I-EV
I-OCPP inikeza izinzuzo eziningana zesistimu yakho yokushaja ye-EV, okuhlanganisa:
Ukusebenzisana Nokuhambisana: I-OCPP iqinisekisa ukusebenzisana nokuhambisana phakathi kwe-EVSE ne-CSMS ezivela kubakhiqizi abahlukene. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abasebenzisi be-EV bakhululekile ukuhamba phakathi kwabaqhubi bezindawo zokushaja abahlukene ngaphandle kokushintsha amashaja abo.
Ukuxhumana Okuphephile Nokubethelwe: I-OCPP ivumela ukuxhumana okuphephile nokubethelwe phakathi kwe-EVSE ne-CSMS, okuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuxhumana akuvinjelwa noma akushintshwa yizinhlangothi ezingagunyaziwe.
Ukuqapha Nokuphatha Kude: I-OCPP yenza kube lula ukuqapha nokuphatha iziteshi zokushaja kude, okuvumela abaqhubi bezindawo zokushaja ukulawula nokuqapha ingqalasizinda yabo yokushaja besendaweni ephakathi.
Ukushintshaniswa Kwedatha Nekuqapha Kwesikhathi Sangempela: I-OCPP ivumela ukushintshaniswa kwedatha kwesikhathi sangempela kanye nokuqapha inqubo yokushaja, okuvumela Abasebenzi Besistimu Yokusabalalisa (ama-DSO) ukulandelela ukusetshenziswa kwamandla nokulinganisela igridi endaweni yasendaweni ngokulungisa okukhiphayo kweshaja ngezikhathi ezimatasa.
Ukunqoba Izinselele
Nakuba ukusebenzisa iphrothokholi ye-OCPP kunikeza izinzuzo eziningi, kungaletha nezinselele ezithile. Ezinye zezinkinga ezivamile zifaka:
Izinkinga Zokuhambisana Nedivayisi: Enye yezinselele ezinkulu lapho kusetshenziswa i-OCPP ukuhambisana nedivayisi. Akuwona wonke amadivayisi e-EVSE ne-CSMS asebenza ngokugcwele.Ukuthobela i-OCPP, futhi lokhu kungabangela izinkinga ensimini.
Amaphutha esofthiwe: Ngisho nomaUkuthobela i-OCPPKumadivayisi, kungase kube neziphazamiso zesofthiwe noma izinkinga ezingathinta i-EVSE noma i-CSMS, ziphazamise ukuxhumana noma ukulawula.
Izinkinga Zokucushwa: I-OCPP iyiphrothokholi eyinkimbinkimbi edinga ukucushwa okufanele ukuze isebenze kahle. Izinkinga zingavela uma amadivayisi engalungiselelwe kahle noma uma kukhona ukulungiselelwa okungalungile ekusetshenzisweni kwe-OCPP.
Ngokubambisana nenkampani efana neVersinetic, unganqoba lezi zinselele futhi uqiniseke ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwakho kwe-OCPP kuphephile, kuyasebenza, futhi kusesikhathini.
Ithimba le-Versinetic lonjiniyela abanolwazi kanye nochwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe lingakusiza ukuklama, ukusebenzisa, nokugcinaUkuthobela i-OCPPIngqalasizinda yokushaja i-EV ehlangabezana nezidingo zakho futhi edlula okulindelwe.
Izindlela Ezinhle Zokusebenzisa i-OCPP
Uma usebenzisa i-OCPP engqalasizinda yakho yokushaja i-EV, landela lezi zinyathelo ezinhle kakhulu zokuzijwayeza:
KhethaI-OCPP-IyahambisanaAma-EVSE: Uma ukhetha ama-EVSE (Imishini Yokuphakelwa Kwezimoto Zikagesi), kubalulekile ukukhetha amadivayisi ahambisana okungenani ne-OCPP 1.6J nokusekelwa kwephrofayili yokuphepha okungu-2 noma okungu-3 ukuqinisekisa ukusebenzisana kanye nezinga eliphezulu lokuphepha elinikezwa yile nqubo.
Izinketho Ze-EVSE Ngokwezifiso: I-OCPP ivumela ukwenza ngokwezifiso ukulawula kanye nokuhlola okuvunyelwe. Kungcono ukukhetha i-EVSE enezilungiselelo eziningi kanye nemibiko efanelekile ukusekela ukuxilongwa okukude kanye nokulawula ezindaweni zakho zokufaka.
Hlola imithetho yokushaja yezwe lakini: Kubalulekile ukuhlola ukuthi i-EVSE iyahlangabezana nanoma yimiphi imithetho nemithethonqubo ethile yezwe ezosebenza kulo. Isibonelo, i-UK inemithethonqubo yokushaja ehlakaniphile edinga ukuthi izici ezithile kushaja zitholakale, njengokulibaziseka okungahleliwe kokuqala ishaja. Uma i-EVSE ingazisekeli izici ezithile zezwe, ishaja ayihambisani.
Khetha i-CSMS Ehambisanayo: Manje sekukhona inani lama-CSMS ezentengiselwano atholakalayo asekela i-OCPP 1.6J enokuvikeleka okuvuliwe. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuxhumana kuphela, futhi i-CSMS kufanele ihlanganise nezinye izici eziningi zokusebenzisa nokulawula inethiwekhi yamashaja (isb., ukukhokhisa). Ngakho-ke, qiniseka ukuthi ukhetha ngokucophelela i-CSMS ehlangabezana nezidingo zakho ezithile.
Ukuhlolwa kokusebenzisana: Uma kokubili i-CSMS ne-EVSE sezikhethiwe, ukuhlolwa kokusebenzisana kungaqala, bese i-EVSE idlula enkambisweni "yokufaka" i-CSMS, ezohlola izici zeshaja isebenzisa i-OCPP. Kukhona amathuluzi azimele atholakalayo ukusiza ekuxilongeni izinkinga uma zivela.
Ukuqapha Nokunakekela: Uma ingqalasizinda yakho ye-OCPP isiqalile ukusebenza, kubalulekile ukuyiqapha nokuyinakekela ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isebenza kahle. Ukunakekelwa nokuvuselelwa njalo kuzonikeza ingqalasizinda yakho ithuba elihle kakhulu lokuhlala iphephile futhi isebenza kahle.
Ukudla okuthathayo
Iphrothokholi ye-OCPP iyindinganiso yephrothokholi yokuxhumana eyaziwayo emhlabeni wonke esetshenziswa embonini yokushaja i-EV.
Ukusebenzisa i-OCPP kuqinisekisa ukusebenzisana kanye nokuhambisana phakathi kwe-EVSE kanye ne-CSMS ezivela kubakhiqizi abahlukene, okuvumela ukushintshaniswa kwedatha okuphephile nokuphumelelayo kanye nokuqapha inqubo yokushaja.
Izindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokusebenzisa i-OCPP zifaka phakathi ukukhethaUkuthobela i-OCPPAma-EVSE, ukukhetha i-CSMS ehambisanayo, ukufaka nokulungiselela i-OCPP, ukuhlola nokuqinisekisa, kanye nokuqapha nokulungisa.
Izinselele ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa zifaka phakathi izinkinga zokuhambisana kwedivayisi, amaphutha esofthiwe, kanye nezinkinga zokucushwa.
Udinga ukwesekwa kobuchwepheshe kokusetshenziswa kwe-OCPP yakho?
Uma ungumkhiqizi weshaja ye-EV ofuna ukusebenzisa i-OCPP engqalasizinda yakho yokushaja, xhumana nethimba le-Versinetic.
Onjiniyela bethu abanolwazi kanye nochwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe bangakusiza ukuklama, ukusebenzisa, nokugcinaUkuthobela i-OCPPIngqalasizinda yokushaja i-EV ehlangabezana nezidingo zakho.
Vumela i-Versinetic ikusize wakhe ikusasa elizinzile ngengqalasizinda yokushaja i-EV ephephile, esebenza kahle, futhiUkuthobela i-OCPP.
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Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Feb-03-2024
