Ngokukhula okusheshayo kwemakethe yezimoto ezintsha zamandla eShayina, ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe be-Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) kuye kwaba okubaluleke kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwamasu kazwelonke wamandla kanye namagridi ahlakaniphile. Ubuchwepheshe be-V2G buguqula izimoto zikagesi zibe amayunithi okugcina amandla ahambayo futhi busebenzisa ama-wiring okushaja ngezindlela ezimbili ukuze kufezwe ukudluliselwa kwamandla kusuka emotweni kuya kugridi. Ngalobu buchwepheshe, izimoto zikagesi zinganikeza amandla kugridi ngesikhathi somthwalo omkhulu kanye nokushaja ngesikhathi somthwalo ophansi, okusiza ukulinganisela umthwalo kugridi.
Ngomhlaka-4 Januwari 2024, iKhomishini Yentuthuko Nokuguqulwa Kazwelonke kanye neminye iminyango yakhipha umqulu wokuqala wenqubomgomo yasekhaya ogxile ngqo kubuchwepheshe be-V2G - "Imibono Yokusebenzisa Ekuqiniseni Ukuhlanganiswa Nokusebenzisana Kwezimoto Ezintsha Zamandla Namagridi Kagesi." Ngokusekelwe ku-"Imibono Eqondisayo Yokwakha Kabusha Uhlelo Lwengqalasizinda Yokushaja Esezingeni Eliphezulu" eyakhishwa yiHhovisi Elijwayelekile loMkhandlu Kahulumeni, imibono yokusebenzisa ayizange icacise kuphela incazelo yobuchwepheshe obusebenzisana nenethiwekhi yezimoto, kodwa futhi yabeka imigomo namasu athile, futhi yahlela ukuwasebenzisa eMfuleni iYangtze Delta, eMfuleni iPearl Delta, eBeijing-Tianjin-Hebei-Shandong, eSichuan naseChongqing nakwezinye izifunda ezinezimo ezivuthiwe zokusungula amaphrojekthi okubonisa.
Ulwazi lwangaphambilini lubonisa ukuthi kunezinqwaba zokushaja ezingaba yi-1,000 kuphela ezinemisebenzi ye-V2G ezweni, futhi okwamanje kunezinqwaba zokushaja eziyizigidi ezingu-3.98 ezweni, okwenza u-0.025% kuphela wenani eliphelele lezinqwaba zokushaja ezikhona. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuchwepheshe be-V2G bokuxhumana kwenethiwekhi yezimoto nabo bukhulile, futhi ukusetshenziswa nocwaningo lwalobu buchwepheshe akuvamile emhlabeni jikelele. Ngenxa yalokho, kunethuba elikhulu lokuthuthuka ekuthandweni kobuchwepheshe be-V2G emadolobheni.
Njengomhloli wedolobha kazwelonke osebenzisa i-carbon ephansi, iBeijing ikhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwamandla avuselelekayo. Izimoto ezinkulu zamandla ezintsha zedolobha kanye nengqalasizinda yokushaja kubeke isisekelo sokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe be-V2G. Ekupheleni kuka-2022, idolobha selikhe izinqwaba zokushaja ezingaphezu kuka-280,000 kanye neziteshi zokushintshana kwamabhethri ezingu-292.
Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhushulwa nokuqaliswa, ubuchwepheshe be-V2G bubhekene nochungechunge lwezinselelo, ikakhulukazi ezihlobene nokusebenziseka kokusebenza kwangempela kanye nokwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda ehambisanayo. Bethatha iBeijing njengesibonelo, abacwaningi abavela kwi-The Paper Research Institute muva nje benze ucwaningo ngezimboni zamandla zasemadolobheni, ugesi kanye nezimboni ezihlobene nokushaja.
Ama-pile okushaja ngezindlela ezimbili adinga izindleko zokutshalwa kwezimali zokuqala eziphezulu
Abacwaningi bathole ukuthi uma ubuchwepheshe be-V2G buthandwa ezindaweni zasemadolobheni, bungase bunciphise ngempumelelo inkinga yamanje "yokuthola ama-charging piles okunzima ukuwathola" emadolobheni. IShayina isesezigabeni zokuqala zokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-V2G. Njengoba umuntu ophethe isitshalo sikagesi esho, ngokombono, ubuchwepheshe be-V2G bufana nokuvumela omakhalekhukhwini ukuthi bashaje amabhange kagesi, kodwa ukusetshenziswa kwabo kwangempela kudinga ukuphathwa kwebhethri okuthuthukile kanye nokusebenzisana kwegridi.
Abacwaningi baphenye izinkampani zokushaja izinqwaba eBeijing futhi bathola ukuthi njengamanje, iningi lezinqwaba zokushaja eBeijing ziyizinqwaba zokushaja eziya ohlangothini olulodwa ezingashaja izimoto kuphela. Ukuze sikhuthaze izinqwaba zokushaja eziya ohlangothini olulodwa ngemisebenzi ye-V2G, okwamanje sibhekene nezinselele eziningana ezisebenzayo:
Okokuqala, amadolobha asezingeni lokuqala, njengeBeijing, abhekene nokuntuleka komhlaba. Ukwakha iziteshi zokushaja ezinemisebenzi ye-V2G, kungaba ukuqasha noma ukuthenga umhlaba, kusho ukutshalwa kwezimali kwesikhathi eside kanye nezindleko eziphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunzima ukuthola umhlaba owengeziwe otholakalayo.
Okwesibili, kuzothatha isikhathi ukuguqula ama-charging pile akhona. Izindleko zokutshalwa kwezimali zokwakha ama-charging pile ziphakeme kakhulu, okuhlanganisa izindleko zemishini, indawo yokuqasha kanye nezintambo zokuxhuma kugridi kagesi. Lokhu kutshalwa kwezimali kuvame ukuthatha okungenani iminyaka emi-2-3 ukuze kubuyiselwe imali. Uma ukulungiswa kabusha kusekelwe kuma-charging pile akhona, izinkampani zingase zingabi nezikhuthazo ezanele ngaphambi kokuba izindleko zibuyiselwe.
Ngaphambilini, imibiko yabezindaba yathi njengamanje, ukwazisa ubuchwepheshe be-V2G emadolobheni kuzobhekana nezinselele ezimbili ezinkulu: Eyokuqala izindleko zokwakha zokuqala eziphakeme. Okwesibili, uma ugesi wezimoto zikagesi uxhunywe kugridi ungahlelekile, kungathinta ukuzinza kwegridi.
Umbono wezobuchwepheshe unethemba futhi unamandla amakhulu esikhathini eside.
Kusho ukuthini ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe be-V2G kubanikazi bezimoto? Izifundo ezifanele zibonisa ukuthi ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kwama-tram amancane cishe kungamakhilomitha ayi-6/kWh (okungukuthi, ihora elilodwa likagesi le-kilowatt lingagijima amakhilomitha ayi-6). Umthamo webhethri wezimoto ezincane zikagesi ngokuvamile ungama-60-80kWh (amahora angama-kilowatt angu-60-80 kagesi), kanti imoto kagesi ingashaja cishe ama-kilowatt-hora angu-80 kagesi. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla emoto kuhlanganisa nomoya opholile, njll. Uma kuqhathaniswa nesimo esifanele, ibanga lokushayela lizoncishiswa.
Umuntu ophethe inkampani yokushaja okukhulunywe ngaye ngenhla unethemba ngobuchwepheshe be-V2G. Uveze ukuthi imoto entsha yamandla ingagcina ugesi ongama-kilowatt angu-80 uma ishajwe ngokugcwele futhi ingaletha ugesi ongama-kilowatt angu-50 kugridi isikhathi ngasinye. Uma kubalwa ngokusekelwe emananini kagesi okushaja abacwaningi abawabonile endaweni yokupaka engaphansi komhlaba yesitolo esikhulu e-East Fourth Ring Road, eBeijing, intengo yokushaja ngesikhathi samahora angewona awesikhathi esimatasa ingu-1.1 yuan/kWh (amanani okushaja aphansi ezindaweni ezisemadolobheni), kanti intengo yokushaja ngesikhathi samahora amatasa ingu-2.1 yuan/kWh. Uma umnikazi wemoto eshaja ngesikhathi samahora angewona awesikhathi esimatasa nsuku zonke futhi eletha ugesi kugridi ngesikhathi samahora amatasa, ngokusekelwe emananini amanje, umnikazi wemoto angenza inzuzo okungenani engu-50 yuan ngosuku. "Ngokushintshwa kwentengo okungenzeka kube khona kusuka kugridi yamandla, njengokuqaliswa kwentengo yemakethe ngesikhathi samahora amatasa, imali engenayo evela ezimotweni eziletha ugesi ezinqwabeni zokushaja inganda kakhulu."
Umuntu ophethe isitshalo sikagesi esishiwo ngenhla ukhombe ukuthi ngobuchwepheshe be-V2G, izindleko zokulahlekelwa yibhethri kumele zicatshangelwe lapho izimoto zikagesi zithumela ugesi kugridi. Imibiko efanele ikhombisa ukuthi izindleko zebhethri elingu-60kWh zingama-US$7,680 (okulingana cishe nama-RMB 55,000).
Ezinkampanini ezishaja izinqwaba, njengoba inani lezimoto ezintsha zamandla liqhubeka nokukhula, isidingo semakethe sobuchwepheshe be-V2G naso sizokhula. Lapho izimoto zikagesi zidlulisela ugesi kugridi ngamaqoqo okushaja, izinkampani ezishaja izinqwaba zingakhokhisa "imali yesevisi yesikhulumi" ethile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, emadolobheni amaningi eShayina, izinkampani zitshala imali futhi zisebenzise amaqoqo okushaja, futhi uhulumeni uzohlinzeka ngezibonelelo ezifanele.
Amadolobha asekhaya aqala kancane kancane ukukhuthaza izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-V2G. NgoJulayi 2023, isiteshi sokuqala sokushaja se-V2G saseZhoushan City saqala ukusetshenziswa ngokusemthethweni, futhi i-oda lokuqala lokuthengiselana ngaphakathi epaki eSifundazweni saseZhejiang laqedwa ngempumelelo. NgoJanuwari 9, 2024, i-NIO yamemezela ukuthi iqembu layo lokuqala leziteshi zokushaja ze-V2G eziyi-10 eShanghai laqala ukusebenza ngokusemthethweni.
UCui Dongshu, unobhala-jikelele weNational Passenger Car Market Information Joint Association, unethemba elikhulu ngamathuba obuchwepheshe be-V2G. Utshele abacwaningi ukuthi ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe bebhethri lamandla, impilo yomjikelezo webhethri ingandiswa ibe izikhathi ezingu-3,000 noma ngaphezulu, okulingana neminyaka engaba yi-10 yokusetshenziswa. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ezimweni zokusetshenziswa lapho izimoto zikagesi zivame ukushajwa futhi zikhishwe khona.
Abacwaningi baphesheya kwezilwandle benze okufanayo. I-ACT yase-Australia isanda kuqeda iphrojekthi yocwaningo lobuchwepheshe be-V2G yeminyaka emibili ebizwa ngokuthi “Ukuqonda Izimoto Zikagesi Kuya Kumasevisi Egridi (REVS)”. Ibonisa ukuthi ngentuthuko enkulu yobuchwepheshe, izindleko zokushaja ze-V2G kulindeleke ukuthi zehliswe kakhulu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, njengoba izindleko zezindawo zokushaja zehla, intengo yezimoto zikagesi nayo izokwehla, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe izindleko zokusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside. Okutholakele nakho kungaba wusizo kakhulu ekulinganiseni ukufakelwa kwamandla avuselelekayo kugridi ngesikhathi samandla aphezulu.
Kudinga ukubambisana kwegridi kagesi kanye nesisombululo esigxile emakethe.
Ezingeni lobuchwepheshe, inqubo yezimoto zikagesi ezibuyela kugridi kagesi izokwandisa ubunzima bokusebenza kwayo yonke.
UXi Guofu, umqondisi woMnyango Wezokuthuthukiswa Kwezimboni we-State Grid Corporation yaseShayina, wake wathi ukushaja izimoto ezintsha zamandla kuhilela "umthwalo ophezulu namandla aphansi". Iningi labanikazi bezimoto ezintsha zamandla bajwayele ukushaja phakathi kuka-19:00 no-23:00, okuhambisana nesikhathi esiphezulu somthwalo kagesi wezindlu. Njengoba uphakeme ngo-85%, okwandisa umthwalo wamandla ophezulu futhi kuletha umthelela omkhulu kunethiwekhi yokusabalalisa.
Ngokombono ongokoqobo, lapho izimoto zikagesi zibuyisela amandla kagesi kugridi, i-transformer iyadingeka ukulungisa i-voltage ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana negridi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi inqubo yokukhipha imoto kagesi idinga ukufana nobuchwepheshe be-transformer yegridi yamandla. Ngokukhethekile, ukudluliselwa kwamandla kusuka enqwabeni yokushaja kuya ku-tram kuhilela ukudluliselwa kwamandla kagesi kusuka ku-voltage ephezulu kuya ku-voltage ephansi, kuyilapho ukudluliselwa kwamandla kusuka ku-tram kuya enqwabeni yokushaja (futhi ngaleyo ndlela kuya ku-gridi) kudinga ukwanda kusuka ku-voltage ephansi kuya ku-voltage ephezulu. Kubuchwepheshe Kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, kuhilela ukuguqulwa kwe-voltage nokuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwamandla kagesi nokuhambisana nezindinganiso zegridi.
Umuntu ophethe isitshalo sikagesi esishiwo ngenhla uveze ukuthi igridi kagesi idinga ukuphatha amandla ngendlela eqondile ngezinqubo zokushaja nokukhipha igesi ezimotweni eziningi zikagesi, okungeyona nje inselele yobuchwepheshe, kodwa futhi ehilela ukulungiswa kwesu lokusebenza kwegridi.
Uthe: “Isibonelo, kwezinye izindawo, izintambo zegridi kagesi ezikhona aziqinile ngokwanele ukusekela inani elikhulu lamaphayiphi okushaja. Lokhu kufana nohlelo lwamaphayiphi amanzi. Iphayiphi eliyinhloko alikwazi ukuhlinzeka ngamanzi anele kuwo wonke amaphayiphi amagatsha futhi lidinga ukuxhunywa kabusha. Lokhu kudinga ukuxhunywa kabusha okuningi. Izindleko zokwakha eziphezulu.” Ngisho noma amaphayiphi okushaja efakwe ndawana thile, angase angasebenzi kahle ngenxa yezinkinga zomthamo wegridi.
Umsebenzi wokuzivumelanisa nezimo ohambisanayo udinga ukuthuthukiswa. Isibonelo, amandla ezinqwaba zokushaja ezisheshayo ngokuvamile angama-kilowatts angu-7 (7KW), kuyilapho amandla aphelele ezinto zasendlini emndenini ojwayelekile angama-kilowatts angu-3 (3KW). Uma izinqwaba zokushaja ezihlanganisiwe zixhunyiwe, umthwalo ungalayishwa ngokugcwele, futhi noma amandla esetshenziswa ngesikhathi esingekho ezingeni eliphezulu, igridi yamandla ingenziwa izinze kakhudlwana. Kodwa-ke, uma inani elikhulu lezinqwaba zokushaja lixhunyiwe futhi amandla esetshenziswa ngezikhathi eziphakeme, umthamo womthwalo wegridi ungadlula.
Umuntu ophethe isitshalo sikagesi esishiwo ngenhla uthe ngaphansi kwethemba lamandla asatshalaliswayo, ukumaketha kukagesi kungahlolwa ukuze kuxazululwe inkinga yokukhuthaza ukushaja nokukhipha izimoto ezintsha zamandla kugridi yamandla esikhathini esizayo. Njengamanje, amandla kagesi athengiswa yizinkampani ezikhiqiza ugesi ezinkampanini zegridi yamandla, bese ziwasabalalisa kubasebenzisi namabhizinisi. Ukujikeleziswa kwamazinga amaningi kwandisa izindleko zokuphakelwa kukagesi. Uma abasebenzisi namabhizinisi bengathenga ugesi ngqo ezinkampanini ezikhiqiza ugesi, kuzokwenza kube lula uchungechunge lokuphakelwa kukagesi. "Ukuthenga okuqondile kunganciphisa izixhumanisi eziphakathi, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphise izindleko zokusebenza kukagesi. Kungakhuthaza futhi izinkampani ezifaka inqwaba yokushaja ukuthi zihlanganyele kakhulu ekuhlinzekweni kukagesi nasekulawulweni kwegridi yamandla, okubaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni kahle kwemakethe yamandla kanye nokukhuthazwa kobuchwepheshe bokuxhumanisa izimoto negridi."
UQin Jianze, umqondisi we-Energy Service Center (Load Control Center) we-State Grid Smart Internet of Vehicles Technology Co., Ltd., uphakamise ukuthi ngokusebenzisa imisebenzi nezinzuzo zesikhulumi se-Internet of Vehicles, izinqwaba zokushaja izimpahla zomphakathi zingaxhunywa kwipulatifomu ye-Internet of Vehicles ukuze kube lula ukusebenza kwabasebenzi bezenhlalo. Yakha umkhawulo, unciphise izindleko zokutshalwa kwezimali, ufeze ukubambisana okuzuzayo nomphakathi nesikhulumi se-Internet of Vehicles, futhi wakhe uhlelo lwezimboni oluzinzile.
USusie
I-Sichuan Green Science & Technology Ltd., Co.
0086 19302815938
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Feb-10-2024
