Ngokukhula okusheshayo kwemakethe yezimoto zamandla entsha yase-China, ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe be-Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) sekubaluleke kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwamasu kazwelonke wamandla kanye namagridi ahlakaniphile. Ubuchwepheshe be-V2G buguqula izimoto zikagesi zibe amayunithi okugcina amandla eselula futhi busebenzise inqwaba yokushaja yezindlela ezimbili ukuze kubonakale ukudluliswa kwamandla ukusuka emotweni kuya kugridi. Ngalobu buchwepheshe, izimoto zikagesi zinganikeza amandla kugridi ngezikhathi zomthwalo ophezulu futhi zishaje ngezikhathi zomthwalo ophansi, okusiza ukulinganisa umthwalo kugridi.
Ngomhla zizi-4 kuMasingana, 2024, Ikhomishana Kazwelonke Yokuthuthukiswa Nezinguquko kanye neminye iminyango yakhipha idokhumenti yokuqala yenqubomgomo yasekhaya eqondiswe ngokuqondile kubuchwepheshe be-V2G – “Imibono Yokusebenzisa Ngokuqiniswa Nokusebenzisana Kwezimoto Ezintsha Zamandla kanye namaGridi Amandla.” Ngokusekelwe "Emibonweni Eqondisayo Ekwakhiweni Ngokuqhubekayo Uhlelo Lwengqalasizinda Yokushaja Esezingeni Eliphezulu" ekhishwe yiHhovisi Jikelele LoMkhandlu Wezwe, imibono yokuqaliswa ayizange icacise nje incazelo yobuchwepheshe obusebenzisanayo benethiwekhi yezimoto, kodwa futhi yabeka phambili imigomo ethile futhi amasu, futhi uhlele ukuwasebenzisa e-Yangtze River Delta , Pearl River Delta, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei-Shandong, Sichuan kanye neChongqing nezinye izifunda ezinezimo ezivuthiwe zokusungula amaphrojekthi okubonisa.
Imininingwane yangaphambilini ikhombisa ukuthi cishe zingu-1 000 kuphela izinqwaba zokushaja ezinomsebenzi we-V2G ezweni, futhi njengamanje kunenqwaba eshajayo eyizigidi ezi-3.98 ezweni, ebalwa kuphela u-0.025% yenani eliphelele lezinqwaba ezishajayo ezikhona. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuchwepheshe be-V2G bokusebenzisana kwenethiwekhi yezimoto nabo buvuthiwe, futhi ukusetshenziswa nocwaningo lwalobu buchwepheshe akuvamile emazweni ngamazwe. Ngenxa yalokho, kunesikhala esikhulu sokuthuthukisa ukuthandwa kobuchwepheshe be-V2G emadolobheni.
Njengomshayeli kazwelonke wedolobha elinekhabhoni ephansi, i-Beijing ikhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwamandla avuselelekayo. Izimoto ezinkulu ezintsha zedolobha kanye nengqalasizinda eshajayo zenze isisekelo sokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-V2G. Ekupheleni kuka-2022, idolobha selakhe izinqwaba zokushaja ezingaphezu kuka-280,000 kanye neziteshi zokushintshwa kwamabhethri ezingama-292.
Kodwa-ke, phakathi nenqubo yokukhuthazwa nokuqaliswa, ubuchwepheshe be-V2G buphinde bubhekane nochungechunge lwezinselelo, ikakhulukazi ezihlobene nokwenzeka kokusebenza kwangempela kanye nokwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda ehambisanayo. Bethatha i-Beijing njengesampula, abacwaningi be-The Paper Research Institute basanda kwenza inhlolovo mayelana nezimboni zamandla asemadolobheni, ugesi kanye nokushaja okuhlobene nenqwaba.
Izinqwaba zokushaja izindlela ezimbili zidinga izindleko zokuqala zokutshala imali
Abacwaningi bafunde ukuthi uma ubuchwepheshe be-V2G buthandwa ezindaweni zasemadolobheni, bungadambisa ngempumelelo inkinga yamanje yokuthi “kunzima ukuthola izinqwaba zokushaja” emadolobheni. I-China isesigabeni sokuqala sokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-V2G. Njengoba umuntu ophethe isikhungo samandla abonisa, ngokombono, ubuchwepheshe be-V2G bufana nokuvumela omakhalekhukhwini ukuthi bashaje amabhange kagesi, kodwa ukusebenza kwawo kwangempela kudinga ukuphathwa kwebhethri okuthuthukisiwe kanye nokusebenzisana kwegridi.
Abacwaningi baphenye izinkampani ezikhokhisa inqwaba eBeijing bathola ukuthi njengamanje, iningi lenqwaba yokushaja eBeijing kuyinqwaba yokushaja okuyindlela eyodwa engashaja izimoto kuphela. Ukuphromotha inqwaba yokushaja yezindlela ezimbili ngemisebenzi ye-V2G, okwamanje sibhekene nezinselelo ezimbalwa ezisebenzayo:
Okokuqala, amadolobha asezingeni lokuqala, njengeBeijing, abhekene nokuntuleka komhlaba. Ukwakha iziteshi zokushaja ngemisebenzi ye-V2G, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukuqasha noma ukuthenga umhlaba, kusho ukutshalwa kwezimali kwesikhathi eside kanye nezindleko eziphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunzima ukuthola indawo eyengeziwe etholakalayo.
Okwesibili, kuzothatha isikhathi ukuguqula izinqwaba zokushaja ezikhona. Izindleko zokutshala izimali zokwakha izinqwaba zokushaja ziphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa, okuhlanganisa izindleko zemishini, indawo yokuqasha kanye nezintambo zokuxhuma kugridi yamandla. Lokhu kutshalwa kwezimali ngokuvamile kuthatha okungenani iminyaka engu-2-3 ukubuyisela. Uma ukubuyisela kabusha kusekelwe ezinqwabeni zokushaja ezikhona, izinkampani zingase zingabi nazo izinxephezelo ezanele ngaphambi kokuba izindleko zitholwe.
Ngaphambilini, imibiko yabezindaba yathi okwamanje, ukuthandwa kobuchwepheshe be-V2G emadolobheni kuzobhekana nezinselele ezimbili ezinkulu: Eyokuqala yizindleko eziphezulu zokwakha zokuqala. Okwesibili, uma ukunikezwa kwamandla kwezimoto zikagesi kuxhunywe kugridi ngaphandle kokuhleleka, kungase kuthinte ukuzinza kwegridi.
Umbono wezobuchwepheshe unethemba futhi unamandla amakhulu esikhathini eside.
Kusho ukuthini ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe be-V2G kubanikazi bezimoto? Ucwaningo olufanele lubonisa ukuthi ukusebenza kahle kwamandla amathilamu amancane cishe ku-6km/kWh (okungukuthi, ihora elilodwa le-kilowatt likagesi lingagijima amakhilomitha angu-6). Amandla ebhethri ezimoto ezincane ezisebenza ngogesi ngokuvamile angu-60-80kWh (amahora angu-60-80 kilowatt kagesi), futhi imoto kagesi ingashaja cishe amahora angama-kilowatt angu-80. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla emoto kuhlanganisa nokupholisa umoya, njll. Uma kuqhathaniswa nesimo esifanele, ibanga lokushayela lizoncishiswa.
Umuntu ophethe inkampani yenqwaba yokushaja okukhulunywe ngayo ngenhla unethemba ngobuchwepheshe be-V2G. Uveze ukuthi imoto entsha yamandla ingakwazi ukugcina ugesi wamahora angu-80 kilowatt uma ishajwe ngokugcwele futhi ingakwazi ukuletha ugesi wamahora angu-50 kilowatt kugridi isikhathi ngasinye. Kubalwa ngokusekelwe emananini kagesi ashajayo abacwaningi abawabone endaweni yokupaka engaphansi komhlaba enxanxatheleni yezitolo ku-East Fourth Ring Road, e-Beijing, intengo yokushaja ngezikhathi zokungasebenzi kakhulu ingu-1.1 yuan/kWh (izintengo zokushaja ziphansi ezindaweni ezingaphansi kwedolobha), futhi intengo yokushaja ngesikhathi samahora aphakeme ngu-2.1 yuan/kWh. Uma sicabanga ukuthi umnikazi wemoto uyashaja ngamahora angasebenzi kakhulu nsuku zonke futhi alethe amandla kugridi ngesikhathi samahora aphakeme kakhulu, ngokusekelwe ezintengo zamanje, umnikazi wemoto angenza inzuzo okungenani engu-50 yuan ngosuku. “Ngokulungiswa kwentengo okungenzeka kusuka kugridi yamandla, njengokuqaliswa kwentengo yemakethe ngesikhathi samahora aphakeme, imali engenayo evela ezimotweni eziletha amandla ezinqwaba zokushaja ingase yenyuke nakakhulu.”
Umuntu ophethe isikhungo samandla esishiwo ngenhla uveze ukuthi ngobuchwepheshe be-V2G, izindleko zokulahleka kwebhethri kufanele zicatshangelwe lapho izimoto zikagesi zithumela amandla kugridi. Imibiko ehambisanayo ibonisa ukuthi izindleko zebhethri elingu-60kWh cishe zingama-US$7,680 (okulingana cishe no-RMB 55,000).
Ezinkampanini ezishaja inqwaba, njengoba isibalo sezimoto ezintsha ezisebenza ngamandla siqhubeka nokukhula, nesidingo semakethe sobuchwepheshe be-V2G sizokhula. Lapho izimoto zikagesi zidlulisela amandla kugridi ngokusebenzisa izinqwaba zokushaja, izinkampani zenqwaba ezishajayo zingakhokhisa "imali yesevisi yesikhulumi" ethile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, emadolobheni amaningi e-China, izinkampani zitshala imali futhi zisebenzise izinqwaba zokushaja, futhi uhulumeni uzohlinzeka ngoxhaso oluhambisanayo.
Amadolobha asekhaya athuthukisa kancane kancane izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-V2G. NgoJulayi 2023, isiteshi sokuqala sokubonisa ukushaja i-V2G saseZhoushan City sasetshenziswa ngokusemthethweni, futhi i-oda lokuqala lokuthengiselana epaki esiFundazweni saseZhejiang laqedwa ngempumelelo. NgoJanuwari 9, 2024, i-NIO yamemezela ukuthi iqoqo layo lokuqala leziteshi zokushaja eziyi-10 ze-V2G e-Shanghai liqale ukusebenza ngokusemthethweni.
U-Cui Dongshu, unobhala-jikelele we-National Passenger Car Market Joint Association, unethemba elikhulu mayelana namandla obuchwepheshe be-V2G. Utshele abacwaningi ukuthi ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe bebhethri lamandla, impilo yomjikelezo webhethri ingakhushulwa ibe izikhathi eziyi-3,000 noma ngaphezulu, okulingana neminyaka eyi-10 yokusetshenziswa. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ezimeni zokufaka izicelo lapho izimoto zikagesi zishajwa njalo futhi zikhishwe khona.
Abacwaningi baphesheya kwezilwandle benze okufanayo. I-ACT yase-Australia isanda kuphothula iphrojekthi yocwaningo lobuchwepheshe ye-V2G yeminyaka emibili ebizwa ngokuthi “Realizing Electric Vehicles to Grid Services (REVS)”. Kubonisa ukuthi ngokuthuthukiswa okukhulu kobuchwepheshe, izindleko zokushaja i-V2G kulindeleke ukuthi zehliswe kakhulu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, njengoba izindleko zezindawo zokushaja zehla, intengo yezimoto zikagesi nayo izokwehla, ngaleyo ndlela inciphise izindleko zokusebenzisa isikhathi eside. Okutholakele kungase futhi kube yinzuzo ikakhulukazi ekulinganiseni okokufaka kwamandla avuselelekayo kugridi ngezikhathi zamandla aphezulu.
Idinga ukubambisana kwegridi yamandla kanye nesixazululo esigxile emakethe.
Ezingeni lobuchwepheshe, inqubo yezimoto zikagesi ezibuyisela emuva kugridi yamandla izokwandisa ubunzima bokusebenza okuphelele.
U-Xi Guofu, umqondisi woMnyango Wezokuthuthukiswa Kwezimboni we-State Grid Corporation yaseChina, wake wathi ukushaja izimoto zamandla amasha kuhilela "umthwalo omkhulu namandla aphansi". Iningi labanikazi bezimoto ezintsha ezisebenza ngamandla bajwayele ukushaja phakathi kuka-19:00 no-23:00, okuhambisana nesikhathi esiphezulu sokulayishwa kukagesi ezindaweni zokuhlala. Ifinyelela ku-85%, okuqinisa umthamo wamandla aphezulu futhi ilethe umthelela omkhulu kunethiwekhi yokusabalalisa.
Ngokombono ongokoqobo, lapho izimoto zikagesi zibuyisela amandla kagesi kugridi, i-transformer iyadingeka ukuze ilungise ugesi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhambisana negridi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi inqubo yokukhishwa kwemoto kagesi idinga ukufanisa ubuchwepheshe be-transformer yegridi yamandla. Ngokukhethekile, ukudluliswa kwamandla asuka enqwabeni yokushaja aye ku-tram kuhilela ukudluliswa kwamandla kagesi ukusuka ku-voltage ephezulu ukuya ku-voltage ephansi, kuyilapho ukudluliswa kwamandla ukusuka ku-tram kuya enqwabeni yokushaja (futhi ngaleyo ndlela ukuya kugridi) kudinga ukukhushulwa i-voltage ephansi iye ku-voltage ephezulu. Kwezobuchwepheshe Kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ehlanganisa ukuguqulwa kwamandla kagesi kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwamandla kagesi nokuhambisana nezindinganiso zegridi.
Umuntu ophethe indawo yokuphehla ugesi okukhulunywe ngayo ngenhla uveze ukuthi igridi kagesi idinga ukuphatha kahle amandla ezinqubo zokushaja nokukhipha izimoto eziningi zikagesi, okungeyona nje inselelo yobuchwepheshe, kodwa futhi kuhilela ukulungiswa kwesu lokusebenza kwegridi. .
Wathi: “Ngokwesibonelo, kwezinye izindawo, izintambo zikagesi ezikhona aziwugqinsi ngokwanele ukusekela inqwaba yezinqwaba zokushaja. Lokhu kulingana nohlelo lwamapayipi amanzi. Ipayipi elikhulu alikwazi ukuhlinzeka ngamanzi anele kuwo wonke amapayipi egatsha futhi lidinga ukuxhunywa kabusha. Lokhu kudinga ukufakwa kabusha kwezintambo eziningi. Izindleko eziphezulu zokwakha.” Ngisho noma izinqwaba zokushaja zifakwe ndawana thize, zingase zingasebenzi kahle ngenxa yezinkinga zomthamo wegridi.
Umsebenzi wokulungisa ohambelanayo udinga ukuthuthukiswa. Isibonelo, amandla ezinqwaba zokushaja okunensayo ngokuvamile ama-kilowatts angu-7 (7KW), kuyilapho amandla esewonke ezinto zikagesi zasendlini ekhaya elijwayelekile cishe ama-kilowatts angu-3 (3KW). Uma inqwaba yokushaja eyodwa noma ezimbili ixhunyiwe, umthwalo ungalayishwa ngokugcwele, futhi noma ngabe amandla asetshenziswa ngamahora angasebenzi, igridi yamandla ingenziwa izinze kakhudlwana. Kodwa-ke, uma inqwaba yezinqwaba zokushaja ixhunyiwe futhi amandla asetshenziswa ngezikhathi eziphezulu, umthamo womthwalo wegridi ungase udlulwe.
Umuntu ophethe isikhungo samandla esishiwo ngenhla uthe ngaphansi kwethemba lamandla asabalalisiwe, ukudayiswa kukagesi kungacutshungulwa ukuze kuxazululwe inkinga yokugqugquzela ukushajwa nokukhipha izimoto zamandla amasha kugridi kagesi esikhathini esizayo. Njengamanje, amandla kagesi athengiswa yizinkampani ezikhiqiza amandla ezinkampanini zamagridi, bese ziwasabalalisa kubasebenzisi kanye namabhizinisi. Ukusatshalaliswa kwamazinga amaningi kunyusa izindleko zokuphakelwa kwamandla. Uma abasebenzisi namabhizinisi bengathenga ugesi ngokuqondile ezinkampanini eziphehla ugesi, kuzokwenza lula uchungechunge lokuphakelwa kukagesi. “Ukuthenga ngokuqondile kunganciphisa izixhumanisi ezimaphakathi, ngaleyo ndlela kwehlise izindleko zokusebenza kukagesi. Ingase futhi ikhuthaze izinkampani zenqwaba eshajayo ukuthi zibambe iqhaza kakhulu ekuhlinzekweni kukagesi nasekulawuleni igridi kagesi, okubaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni kahle kwemakethe kagesi kanye nokukhuthazwa kobuchwepheshe bokuxhuma igridi yemoto. “
U-Qin Jianze, umqondisi we-Energy Service Centre (Isikhungo Sokulawula Umthwalo) we-State Grid Smart Internet of Vehicles Technology Co., Ltd., uphakamise ukuthi ngokusebenzisa imisebenzi nezinzuzo zeplathifomu ye-inthanethi Yezimoto, inqwaba yokushaja kwempahla yomphakathi ingaxhunywa. ku-inthanethi Yezimoto ukuze kube lula ukusebenza kosocial operator. Yakha umkhawulo, wehlise izindleko zokutshalwa kwezimali, uzuze ukubambisana okuwinile nenkundla ye-inthanethi Yezimoto, futhi wakhe i-ecosystem yemboni eqhubekayo.
Susie
I-Sichuan Green Science & Technology Ltd., Co.
0086 19302815938
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Feb-10-2024
