Njengoba imakethe yezimoto zikagesi (i-EV) ikhula emhlabeni jikelele, isidingo sengqalasizinda yokushaja esezingeni elifanele futhi ephumelelayo siya ngokuya sibaluleke kakhulu. Izifunda ezihlukene zamukele amazinga ahlukahlukene ukuze zihlangabezane nezidingo zazo ezithile zamandla, indawo yokulawula, namandla ezobuchwepheshe. Le ndatshana ihlinzeka ngohlaziyo olubanzi lwamazinga ayisisekelo okushaja kwe-EV kulo lonke elase-United States, i-Europe, i-China, i-Japan, kanye nohlelo lobunikazi lwe-Tesla, echaza kabanzi amandla kagesi ajwayelekile kanye nezidingo zamanje, imithelela yeziteshi zokushaja, namasu asebenzayo okuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda.
I-United States: i-SAE J1772 ne-CCS
E-United States, izindinganiso zokushaja ze-EV ezivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu yi-SAE J1772 yokushaja kwe-AC kanye ne-Combinned Charging System (CCS) yakho kokubili ukushaja kwe-AC ne-DC. Izinga le-SAE J1772, elaziwa nangokuthi ipulaki le-J, lisetshenziswa kabanzi ekushajweni kweLeveli 1 kanye neLeveli 2 AC. Ukushaja kweleveli 1 kusebenza ku-120 volts (V) kuze kufike ku-16 amperes (A), kunikeze amandla aphumayo afinyelela ku-1.92 kilowatts (kW). Ukushaja kweLevel 2 kusebenza ku-240V kuze kufike ku-80A, kunikeze amandla aphuma ku-19.2 kW.
Izinga le-CCS lisekela amandla aphezulu e-DC ukushaja okusheshayo, namashaja e-DC avamile e-US aletha phakathi kuka-50 kW no-350 kW ku-200 kuya ku-1000 volts futhi afika ku-500A. Leli zinga livumela ukushaja okusheshayo, okulenze lifanele ukuhamba amabanga amade nezicelo zezentengiso.
Izidingo Zengqalasizinda:
Izindleko Zokufaka: Amashaja e-AC (Izinga 1 kanye Nezinga 2) ashibhile ukuwafaka futhi angahlanganiswa ezindaweni zokuhlala nezokuhweba namasistimu kagesi akhona.
Ukutholakala kwamandla:Amashaja asheshayo e-DCzidinga ukuthuthukiswa okukhulu kwengqalasizinda kagesi, okuhlanganisa ukuxhunywa kukagesi okunamandla amakhulu namasistimu okupholisa aqinile ukuze kulawuleke ukunqanyulwa kokushisa.
Ukuthobela Umthetho: Ukuhambisana namakhodi okwakha endawo kanye namazinga okuphepha kubalulekile ekutshalweni okuphephile kweziteshi zokushaja.
I-Europe: Uhlobo 2 kanye ne-CCS
I-Europe isebenzisa kakhulu isixhumi sohlobo 2, esaziwa nangokuthi isixhumi se-Mennekes, ukushaja kwe-AC kanye ne-CCS yokushaja kwe-DC. Isixhumi sohlobo 2 sidizayinelwe ukushaja kwe-AC kwesigaba esisodwa nesigaba sesithathu. Ukushaja kwesigaba esisodwa kusebenza ku-230V kuze kufike ku-32A, kuhlinzeka kufika ku-7.4 kW. Ukushaja kwezigaba ezintathu kungaletha amandla afinyelela ku-43 kW ku-400V kanye naku-63A.
I-CCS yase-Europe, eyaziwa nge-CCS2, isekela ukushaja kwe-AC ne-DC.Amashaja asheshayo e-DCe-Europe ngokuvamile isukela ku-50 kW iye ku-350 kW, isebenza ku-voltage phakathi kuka-200V kanye no-1000V kanye nama-currents afika ku-500A.
Izidingo Zengqalasizinda:
Izindleko Zokufaka: Amashaja ohlobo 2 alula ukuwafaka futhi ahambisana nezinhlelo eziningi zikagesi zokuhlala nezohwebo.
Ukutholakala kwamandla: Izimfuno zamandla aphezulu zamashaja asheshayo e-DC zidinge ukutshalwa kwezimali okubalulekile kwengqalasizinda, okuhlanganisa olayini bamandla kagesi aphezulu kanye nezinhlelo zokuphatha ezishisayo.
Ukuthobela Umthetho: Ukuthobelana nezindinganiso eziqinile zokuphepha nokusebenzisana kwe-EU kuqinisekisa ukwamukelwa nokuthembeka okusabalele kweziteshi zokushaja ze-EV.
I-China: GB/T Standard
I-China isebenzisa indinganiso ye-GB/T kukho kokubili ukushaja kwe-AC ne-DC. Izinga le-GB/T 20234.2 lisetshenziselwa ukushaja kwe-AC, nokushaja kwesigaba esisodwa kusebenza ku-220V kuze kufike ku-32A, kuletha kufika ku-7.04 kW. Ukushaja kwezigaba ezintathu kusebenza ku-380V kuze kufike ku-63A, kuhlinzeka afinyelela ku-43.8 kW.
Ngokushaja okusheshayo kwe-DC, iI-GB/T 20234.3 ejwayelekileisekela amazinga amandla asuka ku-30 kW kuya ku-360 kW, nama-voltage okusebenza asukela ku-200V kuya ku-1000V kanye nama-currents afika ku-400A.
Izidingo Zengqalasizinda:
Izindleko Zokufaka: Amashaja e-AC asekelwe ezingeni le-GB/T ayabiza futhi angahlanganiswa nezindawo zokuhlala, ezohwebo, nezindawo zomphakathi nengqalasizinda kagesi ekhona.
Ukutholakala kwamandla: Amashaja asheshayo e-DC adinga izithuthukisi ezibalulekile zengqalasizinda kagesi, okuhlanganisa ukuxhuma okunamandla amakhulu namasistimu okupholisa asebenzayo ukuze alawule ukushisa okukhiqizwa phakathi nokushajwa kwamandla aphezulu.
Ukuthobela Umthetho: Ukuqinisekisa ukuthobela izindinganiso kazwelonke nemithetho yokuphepha yase-China kubalulekile ukuze kusetshenziswe iziteshi zokushaja ze-EV ngendlela ephephile nephumelelayo.
Japan: CHAdeMO Standard
I-Japan ikakhulukazi isebenzisa indinganiso ye-CHAdeMO yokushaja okusheshayo kwe-DC. I-CHAdeMO isekela amandla aphuma ku-50 kW kuya ku-400 kW, namandla okusebenza aphakathi kuka-200V kanye no-1000V kanye nama-currents afika ku-400A. Ngokushaja kwe-AC, i-Japan isebenzisa isixhumi sohlobo loku-1 (J1772), esisebenza ku-100V noma ku-200V ngokushaja kwesigaba esisodwa, esinamandla afinyelela ku-6 kW.
Izidingo Zengqalasizinda:
Izindleko Zokufaka: Amashaja e-AC asebenzisa isixhumi sohlobo loku-1 alula uma kuqhathaniswa futhi ashibhile ukuwafaka ezindaweni zokuhlala nezohwebo.
Ukutholakala Kwamandla: Amashaja asheshayo e-DC asekelwe ezingeni le-CHAdeMO adinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu kwengqalasizinda kagesi, okuhlanganisa olayini bamandla kagesi aphezulu kanye nezinhlelo zokupholisa eziyinkimbinkimbi.
Ukuthobela Umthetho: Ukuhambisana nezindinganiso eziqinile zokuphepha nokusebenzisana kwase-Japan kubalulekile ekusebenzeni okuthembekile nokunakekelwa kweziteshi zokushaja ze-EV.
I-Tesla: I-Proprietary Supercharger Network
I-Tesla isebenzisa indinganiso yokushaja yokuphathelene yenethiwekhi yayo ye-Supercharger, ehlinzeka ngokushaja okusheshayo kwe-DC ngesivinini esikhulu. Ama-Tesla Supercharger akwazi ukuletha kufika ku-250 kW, asebenza ku-480V futhi afinyelele ku-500A. Izimoto ze-Tesla eYurophu zifakwe izixhumi ze-CCS2, ezivumela ukuthi zisebenzise amashaja asheshayo e-CCS.
Izidingo Zengqalasizinda:
Izindleko Zokufaka: Ama-Supercharger akwa-Tesla afaka ukutshalwa kwezimali okubalulekile kwengqalasizinda, okuhlanganisa ukuxhunywa kukagesi okunomthamo omkhulu kanye nezinhlelo zokupholisa ezithuthukisiwe zokusingatha ukuphuma kwamandla aphezulu.
Ukutholakala kwamandla: Izimfuno zamandla aphezulu zama-Supercharger zidinga ukuthuthukiswa okuzinikele kwengqalasizinda kagesi, okuvamise ukudinga ukusebenzisana nezinkampani ezisizayo.
Ukuthobela Umthetho: Ukuqinisekisa ukuthotshelwa kwamazinga nemithetho zokuphepha kwesifunda kubalulekile ekusebenzeni okuthembekile nokuphephile kwenethiwekhi ye-Supercharger yakwaTesla.
Amasu Asebenzayo Okuthuthukiswa Kwesiteshi sokushaja
Ukuhlelwa Kwendawo Okubalulekile:
Izindawo zasemadolobheni: Gxila ekufakeni amashaja e-AC ezindaweni zokuhlala, ezohwebo, nezindawo zokupaka zomphakathi ukuze unikeze izinketho ezilula, zokushaja ezihamba kancane ukuze zisetshenziswe nsuku zonke.
Imigwaqo Ewuthelawayeka kanye Nemizila Yebanga Elide: Sebenzisa amashaja asheshayo e-DC ngezikhathi ezivamile emigwaqweni emikhulu nemizila yebanga elide ukuze kube lula ukushaja okusheshayo kubahambi.
Ama-Commercial Hubs: Faka amashaja asheshayo e-DC anamandla amakhulu ezindaweni zezentengiselwano, izikhungo zezokuthutha, namadepho emikhumbi ukuze usekele imisebenzi yezentengiso ye-EV.
Ubambiswano lukahulumeni noluyimfihlo:
Hlanganyela nohulumeni basekhaya, izinkampani zezinsiza, namabhizinisi azimele ukuze uxhase futhi usebenzise ingqalasizinda eshajayo.
Khuthaza amabhizinisi nabanikazi bezakhiwo ukuthi bafake amashaja e-EV ngokunikeza amakhredithi entela, izibonelelo, nezibonelelo.
Ukumiswa kanye nokusebenzisana:
Khuthaza ukwamukelwa kwamazinga wokushaja jikelele ukuze uqinisekise ukusebenzisana phakathi kwamamodeli e-EV ahlukene namanethiwekhi wokushaja.
Sebenzisa izivumelwano zokuxhumana ezivulekile ukuze uvumele ukuhlanganiswa okungenazihibe kwamanethiwekhi ahlukahlukene wokushaja, okuvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bafinyelele abahlinzeki abaningi bokushaja nge-akhawunti eyodwa.
Ukuhlanganiswa Kwegridi Nokuphathwa Kwezamandla:
Hlanganisa iziteshi zokushaja nobuchwepheshe begridi ehlakaniphile ukuze ulawule isidingo samandla futhi unikeze ngokuyikho.
Sebenzisa izixazululo zesitoreji samandla, njengamabhethri noma amasistimu wemoto-to-grid (V2G), ukuze ulinganisele isidingo esikhulu futhi uthuthukise ukuqina kwegridi.
Umuzwa womsebenzisi nokufinyeleleka:
Qinisekisa ukuthi iziteshi zokushaja zisebenziseka kalula, ezinemiyalo ecacile nezinketho zokukhokha ezifinyeleleka kalula.
Nikeza ulwazi lwesikhathi sangempela mayelana nokutholakala kweshaja nesimo ngezinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula namasistimu okuzulazula.
Ukugcinwa Okuvamile Nokuthuthukiswa:
Sungula izimiso zokulungisa ukuze uqinisekise ukwethembeka nokuphepha kwengqalasizinda eshajayo.
Hlela ukuthuthukiswa okuvamile ukuze kusekelwe ukuphuma kwamandla aphezulu kanye nentuthuko entsha yezobuchwepheshe.
Sengiphetha, amazinga ahlukene okushaja ezifundeni ezahlukene agqamisa isidingo sendlela ehambisanayo yokuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda ye-EV. Ngokuqonda nokubhekana nezidingo eziyingqayizivele zezinga ngalinye, ababambiqhaza bangakha ngempumelelo inethiwekhi yokushaja ebanzi nethembekile esekela ukushintshela emhlabeni jikelele ekuhambeni kukagesi.
Xhumana nathi:
Ukuze uthole ukubonisana komuntu siqu kanye nemibuzo mayelana nezixazululo zethu zokushaja, sicela uthinte u-Lesley:
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Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-25-2024
