Izimoto zikagesi seziyinsakavukela umchilo wesidwaba emigwaqeni yethu, futhi ingqalasizinda eshajayo iyakhiwa emhlabeni wonke ukuze ikwazi ukuhlinzeka zona. Ilingana nogesi egalaji likaphethiloli, futhi maduze nje, zizobe zikhona yonke indawo.
Kodwa-ke, kuphakamisa umbuzo othakazelisayo.Amaphampu omoya avele athele uketshezi emigodini futhi afanekiswe kakhulu isikhathi eside.Akunjalo emhlabeni wamashaja e-EV, ngakho-ke ake simbe isimo samanje segeyimu.
Ubuchwepheshe bezimoto zikagesi buye bathuthuka ngokushesha kusukela baba yinsakavukela umchilo wesidwaba eminyakeni eyishumi edlule. Njengoba izimoto eziningi zikagesi zisenebanga elilinganiselwe, abakhiqizi bezimoto benze izimoto ezishaja ngokushesha phakathi neminyaka edlule ukuze bathuthukise ukusebenza.Lokhu kufinyelelwa ngokuthuthukiswa kwebhethri, isilawuli. ihadiwe nesofthiwe.Ubuchwepheshe bokushaja buthuthuke kakhulu kangangokuthi izimoto ezisebenza ngogesi zakamuva zingakwazi ukwengeza amamayela angamakhulu ngemizuzu engu-20 nje.
Kodwa-ke, ukushaja imoto kagesi ngalesi sivinini kudinga ugesi omningi.Ngenxa yalokho, abakhiqizi bezimoto kanye namaqembu emboni bebelokhu besebenzela ukuthuthukisa izindinganiso ezintsha zokushaja ukuletha amandla aphezulu aphezulu kumabhethri emoto asezingeni eliphezulu ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.
Njengomhlahlandlela, indawo evamile yasendlini e-US ingaletha u-1.8 kW. Kuthatha amahora angu-48 noma ngaphezulu ukushaja imoto kagesi yesimanje endaweni enjalo yasendlini.
Ngokuphambene, izimbobo zokushaja zesimanje ze-EV zingathwala noma yini ukusuka ku-2 kW ukuya ku-350 kW kwezinye izimo, futhi zidinga izixhumi ezikhethekile ukwenza kanjalo.Izindinganiso ezihlukahlukene ziye zavela phakathi neminyaka njengoba abakhiqizi bezimoto befuna ukufaka amandla engeziwe ezimotweni ngesivinini esisheshayo. bheka izinketho ezivame kakhulu namuhla.
Izinga le-SAE J1772 lashicilelwa ngoJuni 2001 futhi laziwa nangokuthi yi-J Plug.Isixhumi esingu-5-pin sisekela ukushaja kwesigaba esisodwa se-AC ngo-1.44 kW uma sixhunywe kumthombo wamandla wasendlini ojwayelekile, ongakhushulelwa ku-19.2 kW uma efakiwe. esiteshini sokushaja imoto kagesi ngesivinini esikhulu.Lesi sixhumi sidlulisa amandla esigaba esisodwa se-AC ezintanjeni ezimbili, amasignali kwezinye izintambo ezimbili, kanti eyesihlanu iwukuxhumanisa komhlaba okuvikelayo.
Ngemuva kuka-2006, i-J Plug yaba isibopho kuzo zonke izimoto zikagesi ezithengiswa e-California futhi yasheshe yaduma e-US nase-Japan, ngokungena kwezinye izimakethe zomhlaba.
Isixhumi soHlobo 2, esaziwa futhi umdali waso, umkhiqizi waseJalimane i-Mennekes, sahlongozwa okokuqala ngo-2009 ukuze singene esikhundleni se-EU's SAE J1772. Isici saso esiyinhloko ukwakheka kwaso kwesixhumi esingu-7-pin esikwazi ukuthwala isigaba esisodwa noma izigaba ezintathu. Amandla e-AC, eyivumela ukuthi ishaje izimoto ezifika ku-43 kW. Empeleni, amashaja amaningi oHlobo 2 aphuma ku-22 kW noma ngaphansi. I-J1772, iphinde ibe nezikhonkwane ezimbili zesignali zangaphambi kokufaka kanye nangemuva kokufakwa.Ibe-ke inomhlaba ovikelayo, ongathathi hlangothi kanye nabaqhubi abathathu bezigaba ezintathu ze-AC.
Ngo-2013, i-European Union yakhetha amapulagi ohlobo lwe-2 njengezinga elisha lokuthatha indawo ye-J1772 kanye nezixhumi ezithobekile ze-EV Plug Alliance Type 3A ne-3C zezinhlelo zokusebenza zokushaja ze-AC.Kusukela lapho, isixhumi siye samukelwa kabanzi emakethe yaseYurophu futhi siyatholakala futhi. ezimotweni eziningi zezimakethe zamazwe ngamazwe.
I-CCS imele i-Combined Charging System futhi isebenzisa isixhumi “se-combo” ukuvumela ukushaja kwe-DC ne-AC. Ikhishwe ngo-Okthoba 2011, izinga lidizayinelwe ukuvumela ukusetshenziswa kalula kokushaja kwe-DC ngesivinini esiphezulu ezimotweni ezintsha. Lokhu kungafinyelelwa ngokungeza ipheya yamakhondakta e-DC ohlotsheni olukhona lwesixhumi se-AC.Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-CCS, isixhumi se-Combo 1 nesixhumi se-Combo 2.
I-Combo 1 ifakwe isixhumi soHlobo 1 J1772 AC kanye namakhondakta amabili amakhulu e-DC. Ngakho-ke, imoto enesixhumanisi se-CCS Combo 1 ingaxhunywa kushaja ye-J1772 ukuze ishaje i-AC, noma kusixhumi se-Combo 1 ukuze ishaje i-DC enesivinini esikhulu. .Lo mklamo ulungele izimoto emakethe yase-US, lapho izixhumi ze-J1772 seziyinsakavukela.
Izixhumi ze-Combo 2 zifaka isixhumi se-Mennekes esixhunywe kumakhondakta amabili amakhulu e-DC.Emakethe yaseYurophu, lokhu kuvumela izimoto ezinesokhethi ye-Combo 2 ukuthi zishajwe ngesigaba esisodwa noma ezintathu ze-AC ngesixhumi sohlobo 2, noma ukushaja okusheshayo kwe-DC ngokuxhuma ku-Combo. 2 isixhumi.
I-CCS ivumela ukushaja kwe-AC ezingeni le-J1772 noma isixhumi esincane se-Mennekes esakhelwe ekwakhiweni.Nokho, uma isetshenziselwa ukushaja okusheshayo kwe-DC, ivumela umbani ukushaja amazinga afika ku-350 kW.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ishaja esheshayo ye-DC enesixhumanisi se-Combo 2 iqeda uxhumano lwesigaba se-AC futhi ingathathi hlangothi kusixhumi njengoba ingadingeki.Isixhumi se-Combo 1 siwashiya endaweni, nakuba engasetshenziswa.Yomibili imiklamo incike kwinto efanayo. izikhonkwane zesignali ezisetshenziswa isixhumi se-AC ukuxhumana phakathi kwemoto neshaja.
Njengenye yezinkampani eziphayona endaweni yezimoto zikagesi, u-Tesla waqala ukuklama izixhumi zakhe zokushaja ukuze zihlangabezane nezidingo zezimoto zayo.Lokhu kwethulwa njengengxenye yenethiwekhi ye-Tesla's Supercharger, ehlose ukwakha inethiwekhi eshaja ngokushesha ukuze isekele. izimoto zenkampani ezingenazo ezinye ingqalasizinda.
Ngenkathi inkampani ihlomisa izimoto zayo ngezixhumi zohlobo lwe-2 noma i-CCS eYurophu, e-US, i-Tesla isebenzisa izinga layo lechweba lokushaja. Iziteshi ze-Tesla Supercharger.
Iziteshi zokuqala ze-Supercharger zakwaTesla zanikeza ama-kilowatts angu-150 ngemoto ngayinye, kodwa kamuva amamodeli anamandla aphansi ezindaweni zasemadolobheni abe nomkhawulo ophansi wama-kilowatts angu-72. Amashaja akamuva enkampani angaletha amandla afinyelela kwangu-250 kW ezimotweni ezihlome ngokufanele.
Izinga le-GB/T 20234.3 likhishwe i-Standalization Administration yase-China futhi limboza izixhumi ezikwazi ukushaja ngokushesha kwesigaba esisodwa se-AC ne-DC. Akwaziwa neze ngaphandle kwemakethe ye-EV eyingqayizivele yase-China, ikalwe ukuthi isebenze kufika ku-1,000 volts DC futhi 250 amps futhi ishaja ngesivinini esingafika ku-250 kilowatts.
Mancane amathuba okuba uthole leli chweba emotweni engenziwanga e-China, eklanyelwe imakethe yase-China noma amazwe anobudlelwane obuseduze bokuhweba nawo.
Mhlawumbe idizayini ethakazelisa kakhulu yalesi sikhumulo i-A+ kanye ne-A- pins. Ikalelwe amandla kagesi afinyelela ku-30 V nama-currents afika ku-20 A. Achazwa ngokwendinganiso “njengamandla asizayo ane-low-voltage ezimotweni zikagesi ezihlinzekwa ngu. amashaja angaphandle kwebhodi”.
Akucaci ekuhumusheni ukuthi uyini umsebenzi wazo ngqo, kodwa zingahle zenzelwe ukusiza ukuqalisa imoto kagesi ngebhethri efile ngokuphelele.Uma kokubili ibhethri le-EV elidonsayo nebhethri engu-12V kuphelile, kungaba nzima ukushaja imoto ngoba izinto zikagesi zemoto azikwazi ukuvuka futhi zixhumane neshaja.Oxhumana nabo nabo abakwazi ukunikwa amandla ukuxhuma iyunithi yokudonsa ezinhlelweni ezingaphansi ezihlukahlukene zemoto.Lawa maphini amabili cishe aklanyelwe ukunikeza ngokwanele amandla okusebenzisa izinto eziyisisekelo ze-elekthronikhi zemoto kanye namandla othintana nabo ukuze ibhethri elikhulu lokudonsa likwazi ukushajwa ngisho noma imoto isifile ngokuphelele.Uma wazi kabanzi ngalokhu, zizwe ukhululekile ukusazisa kumazwana.
I-CHAdeMO iyindinganiso yesixhumi sama-EV, ngokuyinhloko ezinhlelo zokusebenza zokushaja ngokushesha.Ingakwazi ukuletha kufika ku-62.5 kW ngesixhumi sayo esiyingqayizivele.Leli izinga lokuqala eliklanyelwe ukuhlinzeka ngokushaja okusheshayo kwe-DC ezimotweni zikagesi (kungakhathalekile ukuthi zimuphi umkhiqizi) futhi inezikhonkwane zebhasi ze-CAN. yokuxhumana phakathi kwemoto neshaja.
Izinga lahlongozwa ukuthi lisetshenziswe emhlabeni wonke ngo-2010 ngokusekelwa abakhiqizi bezimoto baseJapane.Nokho, izinga libambe iqhaza ngempela eJapane, i-Europe ibambelele ku-Type 2 kanye ne-US isebenzisa i-J1772 kanye nezixhumi zikaTesla. Ngesinye isikhathi, i-EU icabange ukuphoqa ukuqedwa kwesigaba esiphelele samashaja e-CHAdeMO, kodwa ekugcineni yanquma ukufuna iziteshi zokushaja ukuthi zibe nezixhumi “okungenani” zohlobo 2 noma ze-Combo 2.
Ukuthuthukiswa okuhambisana nokubuyela emuva kwamenyezelwa ngoMeyi 2018, okuzovumela amashaja e-CHAdeMO ukuthi alethe amandla afinyelela ku-400 kW, okudlula ngisho nezixhumi ze-CCS kulo mkhakha. kanye namazinga e-EU CCS.Nokho, yehlulekile ukuthola ukuthengwa okuningi ngaphandle kwemakethe yase-Japan.
Izinga le-CHAdeMo 3.0 belilokhu lithuthukiswa kusukela ngo-2018. Libizwa ngokuthi i-ChaoJi futhi linomklamo omusha wokuxhuma amaphini angu-7 owenziwe ngokubambisana ne-China Standardization Administration. Ithemba ukwenyusa izinga lokushaja libe ku-900 kW, isebenze ku-1.5 kV, futhi ilethe ama-amps angu-600 agcwele ngokusebenzisa izintambo ezipholiswe uketshezi.
Njengoba ufunda lokhu, ungase uxolelwe ngokucabanga ukuthi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ushayela kuphi i-EV yakho entsha, kunenqwaba yezindinganiso zokushaja ezilungele ukukuzwisa ubuhlungu bekhanda. Ngokujabulisayo, akunjalo. indinganiso eyodwa yokushaja kuyilapho kungafaki ezinye eziningi, okuholela ekutheni izimoto eziningi namashaja endaweni ethile ahambisane.Yebo, i-Tesla yase-US ihlukile, kodwa futhi banazo inethiwekhi yokushaja ezinikele.
Nakuba kunabantu abathile abasebenzisa ishaja engalungile endaweni engafanele ngesikhathi esingalungile, ngokuvamile bangasebenzisa uhlobo oluthile lwe-adaptha lapho beludinga khona.Ukuqhubekela phambili, ama-EV amaningi amasha azonamathela ohlotsheni lwamashaja asungulwe ezindaweni zawo zokuthengisa. , okwenza ukuphila kube lula kuwo wonke umuntu.
Manje izinga lokushaja jikelele yi-USB-C
.Yonke into kufanele ishajwe kusetshenziswa i-USB-C, akukho okuhlukile. Ngibona ngeso lengqondo ipulaki ye-EV engu-100KW, okuyisethi nje yezixhumi eziyi-1000 ze-USB C eziminyene kupulaki egijima ngokuhambisana. Ngezinto ezifanele, ungase ukwazi ukugcina isisindo esingaphansi kwama-50 kg (110 lb) ukuze kube lula ukuyisebenzisa.
Ama-PHEV amaningi nezimoto zikagesi zinamandla okudonsa angafika ku-1000 pounds, ngakho-ke ungasebenzisa inqola ukuthwala ulayini wakho wama-adaptha neziguquli.I-Peavey Mart iphinde ithengise ama-genny kuleli sonto uma kukhona ama-GVWR angamakhulu ambalwa okumele uwashiye.
E-Europe, ukubuyekezwa kohlobo loku-1 (i-SAE J1772) kanye ne-CHAdeMO kulishaya indiva iqiniso lokuthi i-Nissan LEAF ne-Mitsubishi Outlander PHEV, izimoto zikagesi ezimbili ezithengiswa kakhulu, zifakwe lezi zixhumi.
Lezi zixhumi zisetshenziswa kakhulu futhi azisuki.Ngenkathi uHlobo loku-1 noHlobo 2 luhambisana ezingeni lesiginali (ukuvumela ikhebuli yoHlobo 2 ekhiphekayo kuya kukhebula lo-1), i-CHAdeMO ne-CCS azikho.I-LEAF ayinayo indlela engokoqobo yokushaja ku-CCS. .
Uma ishaja esheshayo ingasakwazi i-CHAdeMO, ngingacabanga ngokungathí sina ukubuyela emotweni ye-ICE uhambo olude futhi ngigcine i-LEAF yami ukuze isetshenziswe endaweni kuphela.
Ngine-Outlander PHEV.Ngisebenzise isici sokushaja okusheshayo se-DC izikhathi ezimbalwa, ukuze nje ngiyizame uma nginedili lamahhala.Impela, ingashaja ibhethri libe ngu-80% emizuzwini engu-20, kodwa lokho kufanele kunikeze. wena i-EV ibanga elingamakhilomitha angama-20.
Amashaja amaningi asheshayo e-DC anenani eliphansi, ngakho ungase ukhokhe cishe izikhathi eziyi-100 isikweletu sakho sikagesi esivamile ngamakhilomitha angu-20, okungaphezulu kakhulu uma uhamba ngophethiloli uwedwa. Ishaja yomzuzu ngamunye nayo ayingcono kakhulu. njengoba ilinganiselwe ku-22 kW.
Ngiyayithanda i-Outlander yami ngoba imodi ye-EV ihlanganisa lonke uhambo lwami lokuya emsebenzini, kodwa isici sokushaja okusheshayo se-DC siwusizo njengengono yesithathu yendoda.
Isixhumi se-CHAdeMO kufanele sihlale sinjalo kuwo wonke amaqabunga (iqabunga?), kodwa ungazihluphi nge-Outlanders.
I-Tesla iphinde ithengise ama-adaptha avumela u-Tesla ukuthi asebenzise i-J1772 (yebo) kanye ne-CHAdeMO (okumangalisa nakakhulu). Bagcina beyiyekile i-adaptha ye-CHAdeMO futhi bethula i-adaptha ye-CCS...kodwa kuphela ezimotweni ezithile, ezimakethe ezithile.I-adaptha idinga ukushaja i-US Teslas kusuka kushaja yohlobo 1 lwe-CCS enesokhethi ye-Tesla Supercharger ngokusobala ithengiswa kuphela e-Korea (!) futhi kuphela isebenza ezimotweni zakamuva.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=584HfILW38Q
I-American Power kanye nabakwaNissan bathi bayayiqeda i-Chademo bavuna i-CCS.I-Nissan Arya entsha izoba yi-CCS, kanti iLeaf izoyeka ukukhiqiza maduze.
Uchwepheshe we-Dutch EV u-Muxsan uqhamuke nesengezo se-CCS se-Nissan LEAF ukuze ithathe indawo yembobo ye-AC. Lokhu kuvumela ukushaja kohlobo 2 AC kanye ne-CCS2 DC kuyilapho kugcinwa imbobo ye-CHAdeMo.
Ngazi u-123, 386 kanye no-356 ngaphandle kokubheka. Empeleni, ngihlanganise okubili kokugcina, ngakho ngidinga ukuhlola.
Yebo, ngisho nangokwengeziwe uma ucabanga ukuthi ixhunywe kumongo…kodwa bekumele ngichofoze kuyo mina futhi ngicabanga ukuthi iyona, kodwa inombolo ayinginiki nhlobo umkhondo.
Isixhumi se-CCS2/Type 2 singene e-US njengesijwayelekile se-J3068.Icala elihlosiwe lokusebenzisa izimoto ezisindayo, njengoba amandla esigaba se-3 ahlinzeka ngesivinini esisheshayo kakhulu.I-J3068 icacisa i-voltage ephakeme kune-Type2, njengoba ingafinyelela esigabeni esingu-600V. -to-phase.DC ukushaja kuyefana ne-CCS2.Ama-Voltages nama-currents adlula amazinga e-Type2 adinga amasignali edijithali ukuze imoto ne-EVSE ikwazi nquma ukuhambisana.Ngemandla amanje angu-160A, i-J3068 ingafinyelela ku-166kW wamandla we-AC.
“E-US, iTesla isebenzisa eyayo ichweba lokushaja indinganiso. Ingasekela kokubili ukushaja kwesigaba esisodwa se-AC kanye nezigaba ezintathu”
Isigaba esisodwa kuphela.Ngokuyisisekelo iyi-plug-in ye-J1772 ngesakhiwo esihlukile esinomsebenzi we-DC owengeziwe.
I-J1772 (uhlobo lwe-CCS 1) empeleni ingasekela i-DC, kodwa angikaze ngibone noma yini eyisebenzisayo. Iphrothokholi “eyisimungulu” ye-j1772 inenani “leModi Yedijithali Iyadingeka” futhi “Uhlobo 1 DC” kusho i-DC ku-L1/L2 izikhonkwane.”Uhlobo 2 DC” ludinga izikhonkwane ezengeziwe zesixhumi sekhombo.
Izixhumi ze-Tesla zase-US azisekeli i-AC yezigaba ezintathu.
Esihlokweni esihlobene: Ingabe izimoto zikagesi zivunyelwe ukuthi zishaye umgwaqo ngaphandle kokukhokha intela yomgwaqo? Uma kunjalo, kungani? Uma sicabangela isazi sezemvelo (esingenakuvunyelwa ngokuphelele) lapho izimoto ezingaphezu kuka-90% zisebenza ngogesi, izokhokhiswa kuphi intela yokugcina umgwaqo. uzophuma?Ungakwengeza lokho ezindlekweni zokushajwa komphakathi, kodwa abantu bangasebenzisa amaphaneli elanga ekhaya, noma asebenzisa udizili 'wezolimo' amajeneretha (ayikho intela yomgwaqo).
Konke kuncike endaweni ethile.Ezinye izindawo zikhokhisa intela kaphethiloli kuphela.Ezinye zikhokhisa imali yokubhalisa imoto njengemali engeziwe kaphethiloli.
Ngesinye isikhathi, ezinye zezindlela lezi zindleko ezitholwa ngazo zizodinga ukushintsha.Ngingathanda ukubona isistimu efanelekile lapho izinkokhelo zisekelwe kumakhilomitha nesisindo semoto njengoba lokho kunquma ukuthi ugqoka futhi uklebhule kangakanani emgwaqeni. .Intela yekhabhoni kuphethiloli ingase ifaneleke kakhulu inkundla yokudlala.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-21-2022
