Izimoto zikagesi seziyinsakavukela umchilo wesidwaba emigwaqeni yethu, futhi ingqalasizinda eshajayo iyakhiwa emhlabeni wonke ukuze ikwazi ukuhlinzeka zona. Ilingana nogesi egalaji likaphethiloli, futhi maduze nje, zizobe zikhona yonke indawo.
Kodwa-ke, kuphakamisa umbuzo othakazelisayo.Amaphampu omoya avele athele uketshezi emigodini futhi afanekiswe kakhulu isikhathi eside.Akunjalo emhlabeni wamashaja e-EV, ngakho-ke ake simbe isimo samanje segeyimu.
Ubuchwepheshe bezimoto zikagesi buye bathuthuka ngokushesha kusukela baba yinsakavukela umchilo wesidwaba eminyakeni eyishumi edlule. Njengoba izimoto eziningi zikagesi zisenebanga elilinganiselwe, abakhiqizi bezimoto bathuthukise izimoto ezishaja ngokushesha phakathi neminyaka edlule ukuze bathuthukise ukusebenza kahle. Lokhu kufinyelelwa ngokuthuthukiswa kwebhethri, izingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha zesilawuli kanye nesofthiwe.Ubuchwepheshe bokushaja buthuthuke kangangokuthi izimoto zikagesi zakamuva manje zingakwazi ukwengeza amamayela angamakhulu angu-20 ngebanga nje lemizuzu.
Kodwa-ke, ukushaja imoto kagesi ngalesi sivinini kudinga ugesi omningi.Ngenxa yalokho, abakhiqizi bezimoto kanye namaqembu emboni bebelokhu besebenzela ukuthuthukisa izindinganiso ezintsha zokushaja ukuletha amandla aphezulu aphezulu kumabhethri emoto asezingeni eliphezulu ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.
Njengomhlahlandlela, indawo evamile yasendlini e-US ingaletha u-1.8 kW. Kuthatha amahora angu-48 noma ngaphezulu ukushaja imoto kagesi yesimanje endaweni enjalo yasendlini.
Ngokuphambene, izimbobo zokushaja zesimanje ze-EV zingathwala noma yini ukusuka ku-2 kW ukuya ku-350 kW kwezinye izimo, futhi zidinga izixhumi ezikhethekile kakhulu ukwenza kanjalo.Izindinganiso ezihlukahlukene ziye zavela phakathi neminyaka njengoba abakhiqizi bezimoto befuna ukufaka amandla engeziwe ezimotweni ngesivinini esisheshayo.Ake sibheke izinketho ezivame kakhulu namuhla.
Izinga le-SAE J1772 lanyatheliswa ngoJuni 2001 futhi yaziwa nangokuthi i-J Plug. Isixhumi se-5-pin sisekela ukushaja kwesigaba esisodwa se-AC ku-1.44 kW uma kuxhunywe kumthombo wamandla wasendlini ojwayelekile, ongakhushulelwa ku-19.2 kW uma efakwe ku-high-speed kagesi kagesi ukushaja iziteshi ezimbili zokushaja izintambo ze-AC ezixhunywe izintambo ezimbili ze-AC esiteshini. kwezinye izintambo ezimbili, kanti eyesihlanu iwukuxhumanisa komhlaba okuvikelayo.
Ngemuva kuka-2006, i-J Plug yaba isibopho kuzo zonke izimoto zikagesi ezithengiswa e-California futhi yasheshe yaduma e-US nase-Japan, ngokungena kwezinye izimakethe zomhlaba.
Isixhumi soHlobo 2, esaziwa futhi umdali waso, umkhiqizi waseJalimane i-Mennekes, sahlongozwa okokuqala ngo-2009 ukuze singene esikhundleni se-EU's SAE J1772. Isici saso esiyinhloko ukwakheka kwaso kwesixhumi esingu-7-pin esikwazi ukuphatha amandla e-AC esigaba esisodwa noma ezigaba ezintathu, esivumela ukuthi ishaje izimoto ezifika ku-43 kW. I-J1772, iphinde ibe nezikhonkwane ezimbili zesignali zangaphambi kokufaka kanye nangemuva kokufakwa.Ibe-ke inomhlaba ovikelayo, ongathathi hlangothi kanye nabaqhubi abathathu bezigaba ezintathu ze-AC.
Ngo-2013, i-European Union yakhetha amapulaki oHlobo lwe-2 njengezinga elisha lokushintsha i-J1772 kanye nezixhumi ezithobekile ze-EV Plug Alliance Type 3A ne-3C zezinhlelo zokusebenza zokushaja ze-AC.
I-CCS imele i-Combined Charging System futhi isebenzisa isixhumi "se-combo" ukuvumela kokubili ukushaja kwe-DC ne-AC.Ikhishwe ngo-Okthoba 2011, izinga lenzelwe ukuvumela ukuqaliswa okulula kokushaja kwe-DC ngesivinini esiphezulu ezimotweni ezintsha.Lokhu kungafezwa ngokungeza ipheya lamakhondaktha e-DC ohlotsheni olukhona lwesixhumi se-AC.Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokuxhuma i-Combo2 amafomu okuxhuma i-Combo2.
I-Combo 1 ifakwe isixhumi soHlobo 1 J1772 AC kanye namakhondaktha amabili e-DC amakhulu. Ngakho-ke, imoto ene-CCS Combo 1 isixhumi ingaxhunywa kushaja ye-J1772 yokushaja i-AC, noma kusixhumi se-Combo 1 sokushaja kwe-DC ngesivinini esiphezulu.Lo mklamo ulungele izimoto ezisemakethe yase-US ezivamile, lapho i-J17 ibe nezixhumi ze-J172.
Izixhumi ze-Combo 2 zifaka isixhumi se-Mennekes esixhunywe kumakhondaktha amabili e-DC amakhulu.Emakethe yaseYurophu, lokhu kuvumela izimoto ezinamasokhethi e-Combo 2 ukuthi zikhokhiswe ngesigaba esisodwa noma ezintathu ze-AC ngesixhumi sohlobo 2, noma ukushaja okusheshayo kwe-DC ngokuxhuma kusixhumi se-Combo 2.
I-CCS ivumela ukushaja kwe-AC ezingeni le-J1772 noma isixhumi esincane se-Mennekes esakhelwe ekwakhiweni.Nokho, uma isetshenziselwa ukushaja okusheshayo kwe-DC, ivumela umbani ukushaja amazinga afika ku-350 kW.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ishaja esheshayo ye-DC enesixhumanisi se-Combo 2 iqeda ukuxhumeka kwesigaba se-AC futhi ingathathi hlangothi kusixhumi njengoba ingadingeki.Isixhumi se-Combo 1 siwashiya endaweni, nakuba engasetshenziswa.Yomibili imiklamo incike kumaphini esignali afanayo asetshenziswa isixhumi se-AC ukuxhumana phakathi kwemoto neshaja.
Njengenye yezinkampani eziphayona endaweni yemoto kagesi, u-Tesla uzimisele ukuklama izixhumi zayo zokushaja ukuze zihlangabezane nezidingo zezimoto zayo.Lokhu kwethulwa njengengxenye yenethiwekhi ye-Supercharger kaTesla, okuhloswe ngayo ukwakha inethiwekhi yokushaja okusheshayo ukusekela izimoto zenkampani ngaphandle kwengqalasizinda encane.
Ngenkathi inkampani ihlomisa izimoto zayo ngezixhumi zohlobo lwe-2 noma i-CCS eYurophu, e-US, i-Tesla isebenzisa izinga layo lechweba lokushaja.
Iziteshi zokuqala ze-Supercharger zakwaTesla zanikeza ama-kilowatts angu-150 ngemoto ngayinye, kodwa kamuva amamodeli anamandla aphansi ezindaweni zasemadolobheni abe nomkhawulo ophansi wama-kilowatts angu-72. Amashaja akamuva enkampani angaletha amandla afinyelela kwangu-250 kW ezimotweni ezihlome ngokufanele.
Izinga le-GB/T 20234.3 likhishwe i-Standalization Administration yase-China futhi limboza izixhumi ezikwazi ukushaja ngokushesha kwesigaba esisodwa se-AC ne-DC. Okungaziwa ngaphandle kwemakethe ye-EV ehlukile yase-China, ilinganiselwe ukusebenza kufika ku-1,000 volts DC nama-amps angu-250 futhi ishaje ngesivinini esingafika ku-250 kilowatts.
Mancane amathuba okuba uthole leli chweba emotweni engenziwanga e-China, eklanyelwe imakethe yase-China noma amazwe anobudlelwane obuseduze bokuhweba nawo.
Mhlawumbe idizayini ethakazelisa kakhulu yalesi sikhumulo i-A+ kanye ne-A- pins. Ilinganiselwe ngama-voltage afinyelela ku-30 V nama-currents afika ku-20 A. Achazwa ngokwendinganiso “njengamandla asizayo ane-low-voltage ezimotweni zikagesi ezihlinzekwa ngamashaja angaphandle kwebhodi”.
Akucaci ngokuhunyushwa ukuthi uyini umsebenzi wazo oqondile, kodwa zingahle zenzelwe ukusiza ukuqalisa imoto kagesi ngebhethri efile ngokuphelele.Uma ibhethri le-EV elidonsayo nebhethri engu-12V sekuphelile, kungaba nzima ukushaja imoto ngenxa yokuthi izinto zikagesi zemoto azikwazi ukuvuka futhi zixhumane neshaja. Izixhumi nazo azikwazi ukunikwa amandla okuxhuma amayunithi amabili wokudonsa ukuze anikeze amayunithi ehlukene emishini yokukhipha imoto ukuze anikeze amaphina anele wemoto. amandla okusebenzisa izinto eziyisisekelo ze-elekthronikhi zemoto kanye namandla othintana nabo ukuze ibhethri elikhulu lokudonsa likwazi ukushajwa ngisho noma imoto isifile ngokuphelele.Uma wazi kabanzi ngalokhu, zizwe ukhululekile ukusazisa kumazwana.
I-CHAdeMO iyindinganiso yesixhumi sama-EV, ngokuyinhloko ezinhlelo zokusebenza zokushaja ngokushesha.Ingakwazi ukuletha kufika ku-62.5 kW ngokusebenzisa isixhumi sayo esiyingqayizivele.Leli izinga lokuqala eliklanyelwe ukuhlinzeka ngokushaja okusheshayo kwe-DC ezimotweni zikagesi (kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umenzi) futhi inezikhonkwane zebhasi ze-CAN zokuxhumana phakathi kwemoto neshaja.
Izinga lahlongozwa ukuthi lisetshenziswe emhlabeni wonke ngo-2010 ngokusekelwa abakhiqizi bezimoto baseJapane. Nokho, izinga libambe iqhaza ngempela eJapane, i-Europe inamathela ku-Type 2 kanye ne-US isebenzisa i-J1772 kanye nezixhumi ze-Tesla.
Ukuthuthukiswa okuhambisana nokubuyela emuva kwamenyezelwa ngoMeyi 2018, okuzovumela amashaja e-CHAdeMO ukuthi alethe amandla afinyelela ku-400 kW, okudlula ngisho nezixhumi ze-CCS ensimini.Abasekeli be-CHAdeMO babona ingqikithi yayo njengezinga elilodwa lomhlaba wonke kunokwehlukana phakathi kwezindinganiso ze-US kanye ne-EU CCS.Nokho, yehlulekile ukuthola izinto eziningi ezithengiwe zaseJapane ngaphandle kwemakethe yaseJapane.
Izinga le-CHAdeMo 3.0 belilokhu lithuthukiswa kusukela ngo-2018. Libizwa ngokuthi i-ChaoJi futhi linomklamo omusha wokuxhuma amaphini angu-7 owenziwe ngokubambisana ne-China Standardization Administration. Ithemba ukwenyusa izinga lokushaja libe ku-900 kW, isebenze ku-1.5 kV, futhi ilethe ama-amps angu-600 agcwele ngokusebenzisa izintambo ezipholiswe uketshezi.
Njengoba ufunda lokhu, ungase uxolelwe ngokucabanga ukuthi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ushayela kuphi i-EV yakho entsha, kunenqwaba yamazinga okushaja ahlukene alungele ukukubangela ubuhlungu bekhanda. Siyabonga, akunjalo.Izindawo eziningi zikuthola kunzima ukusekela izinga lokushaja elilodwa kuyilapho kungafaki ezinye eziningi, okuholela ekutheni izimoto eziningi namashaja endaweni ethile, ngaphandle kokuthi i-US ihambisana nayo, iyahambisana. inethiwekhi yokushaja ezinikele.
Nakuba kunabantu abathile abasebenzisa ishaja engalungile endaweni engafanele ngesikhathi esingalungile, ngokuvamile bangasebenzisa uhlobo oluthile lwe-adaptha lapho beludinga khona.Ukuqhubekela phambili, ama-EV amaningi amasha azonamathela ohlotsheni lwamashaja asungulwe ezindaweni zawo zokuthengisa, okwenza ukuphila kube lula kuwo wonke umuntu.
Manje izinga lokushaja jikelele yi-USB-C
.Yonke into kufanele ishajwe kusetshenziswa i-USB-C, akukho okuhlukile.Ngibona ngeso lengqondo ipulaki engu-100KW EV, okuyisethi nje yezixhumi ezingu-1000 ze-USB C eziminyene kupulaki egijima ngokuhambisana.Ngezinto ezifanele, ungase ukwazi ukugcina isisindo singaphansi kuka-50 kg (110 lb) ukuze usebenzise kalula.
Ama-PHEV amaningi nezimoto zikagesi zinamandla okudonsa angafika ku-1000 pounds, ngakho-ke ungasebenzisa inqola ukuthwala ulayini wakho wama-adaptha neziguquli.I-Peavey Mart iphinde ithengise ama-genny kuleli sonto uma kukhona ama-GVWR angamakhulu ambalwa okumele uwashiye.
E-Europe, ukubuyekezwa kohlobo loku-1 (i-SAE J1772) kanye ne-CHAdeMO kulishaya indiva iqiniso lokuthi i-Nissan LEAF ne-Mitsubishi Outlander PHEV, izimoto zikagesi ezimbili ezithengiswa kakhulu, zifakwe lezi zixhumi.
Lezi zixhumi zisetshenziswa kakhulu futhi azisuki.Ngenkathi uHlobo loku-1 noHlobo 2 luhambisana ezingeni lesiginali (ukuvumela ikhebula ekhiphekayo yoHlobo 2 kuya kukhebula lo-1), i-CHAdeMO ne-CCS azikho.I-LEAF ayinayo indlela engokoqobo yokushaja ku-CCS.
Uma ishaja esheshayo ingasakwazi i-CHAdeMO, ngingacabanga ngokungathí sina ukubuyela emotweni ye-ICE uhambo olude futhi ngigcine i-LEAF yami ukuze isetshenziswe endaweni kuphela.
Ngine-Outlander PHEV.Ngike ngasebenzisa isici sokushaja okusheshayo se-DC izikhathi ezimbalwa, ukuze nje ngiyizame uma nginedili lamahhala.Impela, ingashaja ibhethri libe ngu-80% emizuzwini engu-20, kodwa lokho kufanele kukunikeze i-EV ibanga elingamakhilomitha angama-20.
Amashaja amaningi asheshayo e-DC anenani eliphansi, ngakho ungakhokha cishe izikhathi eziyi-100 isikweletu sakho sikagesi esivamile ngamakhilomitha angu-20, okungaphezulu kakhulu uma uhamba ngophethiloli uwedwa. Ishaja yomzuzu ngamunye nayo ayingcono kakhulu, njengoba ilinganiselwe ku-22 kW.
Ngiyayithanda i-Outlander yami ngoba imodi ye-EV ihlanganisa lonke uhambo lwami lokuya emsebenzini, kodwa isici sokushaja okusheshayo se-DC siwusizo njengengono yesithathu yendoda.
Isixhumi se-CHAdeMO kufanele sihlale sinjalo kuwo wonke amaqabunga (iqabunga?), kodwa ungazihluphi nge-Outlanders.
I-Tesla iphinde ithengise ama-adaptha avumela u-Tesla ukuthi asebenzise i-J1772 (yebo) kanye ne-CHAdeMO (okumangalisa nakakhulu). Bagcina beyiyekile i-adaptha ye-CHAdeMO futhi bethula i-adaptha ye-CCS…kodwa kuphela ezimotweni ezithile, ezimakethe ezithile. I-adaptha edingekayo ukuze ishaje i-US Teslas ngeshaja yohlobo loku-1 lwe-CCS ene-applarger yase-Korea kuphela futhi ithengiswa nge-applarger yaseKorea kuphela! isebenza ezimotweni zakamuva.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=584HfILW38Q
I-American Power kanye nabakwaNissan bathi bayayiqeda i-Chademo bavuna i-CCS.I-Nissan Arya entsha izoba yi-CCS, kanti iLeaf izoyeka ukukhiqiza maduze.
Uchwepheshe we-Dutch EV u-Muxsan uqhamuke nesengezo se-CCS se-Nissan LEAF ukuze ithathe indawo yembobo ye-AC. Lokhu kuvumela ukushaja kohlobo 2 AC kanye ne-CCS2 DC kuyilapho kugcinwa imbobo ye-CHAdeMo.
Ngazi u-123, 386 kanye no-356 ngaphandle kokubheka. Empeleni, ngihlanganise okubili kokugcina, ngakho ngidinga ukuhlola.
Yebo, ngisho nangokwengeziwe uma ucabanga ukuthi ixhunywe kumongo…kodwa bekumele ngichofoze kuyo mina futhi ngicabanga ukuthi iyona, kodwa inombolo ayinginiki nhlobo umkhondo.
Isixhumi se-CCS2/Type 2 singene e-US njengesijwayelekile se-J3068.Icala elihlosiwe lokusebenzisa izimoto ezisindayo, njengoba amandla esigaba se-3 ahlinzeka ngesivinini esisheshayo kakhulu.I-J3068 icacisa i-voltage ephakeme kune-Type2, njengoba ingafinyelela ku-600V isigaba-to-isigaba.DC ukushaja kuyafana ne-CCS2.Voltages ikwazi ukudlula izinga le-digital futhi yamanje i-TypesVSE ikwazi ukudlula izinga lemoto kanye ne-current. nquma ukuhambisana.Ngemandla amanje angu-160A, i-J3068 ingafinyelela ku-166kW wamandla we-AC.
"E-US, i-Tesla isebenzisa izinga layo lembobo yokushaja. Ingakwazi ukusekela ukushaja kwesigaba esisodwa se-AC kanye nezigaba ezintathu"
Isigaba esisodwa kuphela.Ngokuyisisekelo iyi-plug-in ye-J1772 ngesakhiwo esihlukile esinomsebenzi we-DC owengeziwe.
I-J1772 (uhlobo lwe-CCS 1) empeleni ingasekela i-DC, kodwa angikaze ngibone noma yini eyisebenzisayo.Iphrothokholi “eyisimungulu” ye-j1772 inenani elithi “Imodi Yedijithali Iyadingeka” futhi “Uhlobo 1 DC” lusho i-DC kumaphini we-L1/L2.”Uhlobo 2 DC” ludinga izikhonkwane ezengeziwe zesixhumi sekhombo.
Izixhumi ze-Tesla zase-US azisekeli i-AC yezigaba ezintathu.
Esihlokweni esihlobene: Ingabe izimoto zikagesi zivunyelwe ukuthi zishaye umgwaqo ngaphandle kokukhokha intela yomgwaqo? Uma kunjalo, kungani? Uma sicabanga ukuthi isazi sezemvelo (esingenakuvunyelwa ngokuphelele) lapho izimoto ezingaphezu kuka-90% zisebenza ngogesi, izovelaphi intela yokugcina umgwaqo? amajeneretha (ayikho intela yomgwaqo).
Konke kuncike endaweni ethile.Ezinye izindawo zikhokhisa intela kaphethiloli kuphela.Ezinye zikhokhisa imali yokubhalisa imoto njengemali engeziwe kaphethiloli.
Kwesinye isikhathi, ezinye zezindlela lezi zindleko ezitholwa ngazo zizodinga ukushintsha.Ngingathanda ukubona isistimu efanelekile lapho izinkokhelo zisekelwe kumakhilomitha nesisindo semoto njengoba lokho kunquma ukuthi ugqoka futhi uklebhule kangakanani emgwaqeni.Intela yekhabhoni kuphethiloli ingase ifaneleke kakhulu inkundla yokudlala.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-21-2022
