Ukushaja Imboni Yenqwaba Ihlangabezana Nokukhula Okuqhume Kakhulu: Inqubomgomo, Ubuchwepheshe Nokushayela Imakethe Amathuba Amasha

Isimo Semboni: Ukuthuthukiswa Kwesikali Nesakhiwo

Ngokwezibalo zakamuva ezivela ku-China Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Promotion Alliance (EVCIPA), ekupheleni kuka-2023, inani eliphelele lezinqwaba zokushaja e-China lase lidlule.9 million, enenqwaba yokushaja yomphakathi elinganiselwa ku-35% kanye nenqwaba yokushaja yangasese eyenza u-65%. Isibalo sezinqwaba zokushaja ezisanda kufakwa ngo-2023 senyuke ngaphezu kuka-65% unyaka nonyaka, okukhombisa ukukhula okuqinile kwemboni.

Ngokwendawo, ukwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda eshajayo kuye kwakhula kancane kancane kusuka emadolobheni esigaba sokuqala njenge-Beijing, i-Shanghai, i-Guangzhou, ne-Shenzhen kuya kumadolobha esigaba sesibili nesesithathu kanye nezimakethe ezisezingeni lesifunda. Izifundazwe ezithuthukisiwe ezifana ne-Guangdong, i-Jiangsu, ne-Zhejiang zihola izwe ekukhokhiseni inqwaba, kuyilapho izifunda ezimaphakathi nentshonalanga nazo zisheshisa ukuthunyelwa kwazo. Ukwengeza, inani lezinqwaba ezishaja ngokushesha likhuphuke kakhulu, njengoba izinqwaba zokushaja ezinamandla amakhulu (120kW nangaphezulu) zikhuphuka zisuka ku-20% ngo-2021 zaya ku-45% ngo-2023, zidambise ngempumelelo ububanzi bokukhathazeka kwabasebenzisi.

Ukusekelwa Kwenqubomgomo: Idizayini Yezinga Eliphezulu Isheshisa Ukukhula Kwemboni

Ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwemboni yenqwaba eshajayo kusekelwa kakhulu izinqubomgomo zikazwelonke. Ngo-2023, iHhovisi Jikelele loMkhandlu Wezwe lakhipha isitatimendeIzeluleko Zokwakha Ngokuqhubekayo Uhlelo Lwengqalasizinda Yokushaja Esezingeni Eliphezulu, ukubeka umgomo ocacile wokufeza aisilinganiso semoto-to-inqwaba esingu-2:1 ngo-2025kanye nokuqinisekisa ukutholakala okuphelele kwezinsiza zokushaja ezindaweni zesevisi yomgwaqo onguthelawayeka.

Ohulumeni basekhaya nabo baphendule ngenkuthalo ngezinyathelo zokusekela:

• E-Beijinginikeza uxhaso olufika ku-30% lokwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda eshaja umphakathi futhi ikhuthaza amabhizinisi nezikhungo ukuthi babelane ngezinqwaba zabo zangaphakathi zokushaja.
• Isifunda sase-Guangdonguhlela ukufaka izinqwaba zokushaja ezintsha ezingaphezu kwesigidi ngesikhathi soHlelo Lweminyaka Eyi-14 Lweminyaka Emihlanu, kugxilwe ekuthuthukiseni amanethiwekhi okushaja asemadolobheni nasemaphandleni.
• Isifunda saseSichuansethule uhlelo oluthi "Ukukhokhisa Inqwaba Emaphandleni" ukuze kuthuthukiswe ingqalasizinda ekhokhiswayo ezindaweni zasemakhaya.Ngaphezu kwalokho, iKhomishana Kazwelonke Yezokuthuthukiswa Nezinguquko ifake izinqwaba zokukhokhisa ohlwini lwayo lwemiklamo esemqoka "yengqalasizinda emisha", kanye nesamba sokutshalwa kwezimali kwezimboni okulindeleke ukuba sidlule.120 billion yuaneminyakeni emithathu ezayo, ukufaka umfutho oqinile kulo mkhakha.
  

  Ukuqamba Okusha Kwezobuchwepheshe: Izixazululo Ezihlakaniphile Neziluhlaza Zihola Ikusasa

  1. Ukuphumelela ku-Ultra-Fast Charging Technology
     Izinkampani ezihamba phambili ezifana ne-CATL neHuawei zethule600kW izinqwaba zokushaja ezishesha uketshezi ezipholile, okuvumela "imizuzu emi-5 ukushaja ibanga elingu-300 km." Iziteshi zikaTesla's V4 Supercharger nazo zisatshalaliswa emadolobheni amaningi aseShayina, okwenza ngcono ukushaja kahle.
  2. Amamodeli Ahlanganisiwe Wokushaja-Solar-Isitoreji
     Izinkampani ezifana ne-BYD ne-Teld zihlola izixazululo zokushaja eziluhlaza ezihlanganisa amandla elanga, ukugcinwa kwamandla, nokushaja, okunciphisa kakhulu ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni. Isibonelo, isiteshi sokubonisa e-Shenzhen singanciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni yonyaka ngamathani angu-150.
  3. Ukushaja okuhlakaniphile kanye nobuchwepheshe be-V2G
     Amasistimu okuphatha umthwalo wokushaja anamandla e-AI akhulisa ngamandla ukushaja ukuze avimbele ukugcwala kwegridi. Abakhiqizi bezimoto abafana ne-NIO ne-Xpengng bethule ubuchwepheshe be-Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G), okuvumela ama-EVs ukuthi anikeze amandla kugridi phakathi namahora okungasebenzi, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwamandla.

     Izinselelo Zemboni: Inzuzo kanye Nezindaba Zokulinganisa

     Naphezu kwamathemba ayo athembisayo, imboni yenqwaba eshajayo isabhekene nezinselelo ezimbalwa:

     1. Izinkinga Zenzuzo: Ngaphandle kwezimo zokusetshenziswa okuphezulu, izinqwaba eziningi zokushaja zomphakathi zihlushwa amazinga aphansi okusetshenziswa, okushiya abaqhubi bezabalaza ukuze bathole inzuzo.
     2. Ukushoda kokulinganisa: Izixhumanisi zokushaja ezingahambisani, izivumelwano zokuxhumana, nezinhlelo zokukhokha kudala umuzwa womsebenzisi ohlukene.
     3. I-Grid Pressure: Ukusetshenziswa okugxilile kwezinqwaba zokushaja kwamandla aphezulu kungase kucindezele amagridi kagesi endawo, okudinga ukuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda kagesi.

     Ukuze kuxazululwe lezi zinkinga, ochwepheshe bezimboni batusa ukuthi kuthathweamamodeli "wokwakha nokusebenza okuhlanganisiwe"., izindlela zamanani aguqukayo, kanye nobuchwepheshe besikhungo samandla esibonakalayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle nokuthuthukisa ulwazi lomsebenzisi.

     I-future Outlook: I-Globalization kanye ne-Ecosystem Development

     Izinkampani zaseChina ezikhokhisa inqwaba ziyasheshisa ukwanda kwazo emhlabeni jikelele. Ngo-2023, izinkampani ezifana ne-Star Charge ne-Wanbang New Energy zabona ama-oda aphesheya e-Europe naseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia ekhula ngaphezu kuka-150% unyaka nonyaka. Ngaleso sikhathi, amaphrojekthi enethiwekhi eshesha kakhulu e-Huawei Digital Power eMpumalanga Ephakathi agqamisa ithonya elikhulayo lomhlaba jikelele lobuchwepheshe baseShayina.

     Ngaphakathi, imboni yenqwaba eshajayo iyashintsha isuka esikhungweni esilula sokuphakelwa kukagesi iye endaweni ebalulekile ohlelweni lwendalo lwamandla ahlakaniphile. Ngokuvuthwa kobuchwepheshe obufana ne-V2G namandla asabalalisiwe, izinqwaba zokushaja zizoba yingxenye ebalulekile yamagridi ahlakaniphile esikhathi esizayo.