Okuhlangenwe Nakho Kwemboni Yokushaja Inqwaba Ukukhula Okukhulu: Inqubomgomo, Ubuchwepheshe kanye Nemakethe Eqhuba Amathuba Amasha

Isimo Semboni: Ukuthuthukiswa Kwezinga Nesakhiwo

Ngokwezibalo zakamuva ezivela kwi-China Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Promotion Alliance (EVCIPA), ekupheleni kuka-2023, inani eliphelele lama-charging piles eShayina lase lidlule.izigidi ezingu-9, lapho izinqwaba zokushaja zomphakathi zibalelwa cishe ku-35% kanti izinqwaba zokushaja zangasese zenza u-65%. Inani lezinqwaba zokushaja ezintsha ezifakiwe ngo-2023 lenyuke ngamaphesenti angaphezu kuka-65 unyaka nonyaka, okubonisa ukukhula okuqinile kwemboni.

Ngokwendawo, ukwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda yokushaja kuye kwanda kancane kancane kusukela emadolobheni asezingeni lokuqala njengeBeijing, iShanghai, iGuangzhou, neShenzhen kuya emadolobheni asezingeni lesibili nelesithathu ngisho nasezimakethe zezinga lesifunda. Izifundazwe ezithuthukile njengeGuangdong, iJiangsu, neZhejiang zihola isizwe ekumbozweni kwezinqwaba zokushaja, kuyilapho izifunda eziphakathi nezisentshonalanga nazo zisheshisa ukuthunyelwa kwazo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isilinganiso sezinqwaba zokushaja okusheshayo sikhuphuke kakhulu, kanti izinqwaba zokushaja ezinamandla aphezulu (120kW nangaphezulu) zikhuphuka zisuka ku-20% ngo-2021 zaya ku-45% ngo-2023, okunciphisa ngempumelelo ukukhathazeka kobubanzi babasebenzisi.

Ukusekelwa Kwenqubomgomo: Umklamo Osezingeni Eliphezulu Usheshisa Ukukhula Kwemboni

Intuthuko esheshayo yemboni yezinqwaba zokushaja isekelwa kakhulu yizinqubomgomo zikazwelonke. Ngo-2023, iHhovisi Jikelele loMkhandlu Kahulumeni lakhiphaIziqondiso Zokwakha Ngokuqhubekayo Uhlelo Lwengqalasizinda Yokushaja Esezingeni Eliphezulu, ukubeka umgomo ocacile wokufezaisilinganiso semoto nenqwaba esingu-2:1 ngo-2025kanye nokuqinisekisa ukumbozwa okugcwele kwezindawo zokushaja ezindaweni zesevisi yemigwaqo emikhulu.

Ohulumeni basekhaya nabo baphendule ngenkuthalo ngezinyathelo zokusekela:

• I-Beijinginikeza uxhaso olufika ku-30% lokwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda yokushaja umphakathi futhi ikhuthaza amabhizinisi nezikhungo ukuthi babelane ngezinqwaba zabo zokushaja zangaphakathi.
• Isifundazwe saseGuangdongihlela ukufaka izinqwaba zokushaja ezintsha ezingaphezu kwesigidi ngesikhathi se-14th Five-Year Plan, ngokugxila ekuthuthukiseni amanethiwekhi okushaja asemadolobheni nasemaphandleni.
• Isifundazwe saseSichuanuqalise uhlelo lwe-“Charging Piles to the Countryside” lokukhuthaza ingqalasizinda yokushaja ezindaweni zasemakhaya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-National Development and Reform Commission ifake izinqwaba zokushaja ohlwini lwayo lwamaphrojekthi “engqalasizinda entsha” abalulekile, kanti kulindeleke ukuthi utshalomali oluphelele embonini ludlule.ama-yuan ayizigidigidi eziyi-120eminyakeni emithathu ezayo, okufaka umfutho omkhulu kulo mkhakha.
  

  Ukusungula Izinto Ezintsha Kwezobuchwepheshe: Izixazululo Ezihlakaniphile Neziluhlaza Zihola Ikusasa

  1. Ukuphumelela Kobuchwepheshe Bokushaja Okusheshayo Kakhulu
     Izinkampani ezihamba phambili njenge-CATL kanye ne-Huawei zethule uhlelo olusha lwe-inthanethi.Ama-pile okushaja okusheshayo kakhulu apholile ngoketshezi angu-600kW, okuvumela "ukushaja kwemizuzu emi-5 ibanga elingamakhilomitha angama-300." Iziteshi ze-Tesla ze-V4 Supercharger nazo zifakwe emadolobheni amaningi aseShayina, okuthuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokushaja.
  2. Amamodeli Ahlanganisiwe Okushaja Isitoreji Selanga
     Izinkampani ezifana ne-BYD ne-Teld zihlola izixazululo zokushaja eziluhlaza ezihlanganisa amandla elanga, isitoreji samandla, kanye nokushaja, okunciphisa kakhulu ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni. Isibonelo, isiteshi sokubonisa eShenzhen singanciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni minyaka yonke ngamathani ayi-150.
  3. Ukushaja Okuhlakaniphile kanye nobuchwepheshe be-V2G
     Izinhlelo zokuphatha umthwalo wokushaja ezisebenzisa i-AI zithuthukisa amandla okushaja ngendlela enamandla ukuze zivimbele ukugcwala ngokweqile kwegridi. Abenzi bezimoto ezifana ne-NIO ne-XPeng bethule ubuchwepheshe be-Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G), okuvumela ama-EV ukuthi abuyisele amandla kugridi ngesikhathi esingekho isikhathi esiningi, okuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwamandla.

     Izinselele Zemboni: Izinkinga Zenzuzo Nokuqiniswa

     Naphezu kwamathemba ayo athembisayo, imboni yokushaja inqwaba isabhekene nezinselele eziningana:

     1. Izinkinga ZenzuzoNgaphandle kwezimo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu, iningi lama-pile okushaja umphakathi lihlushwa amazinga aphansi okusetshenziswa, okushiya abaqhubi behluleka ukuthola inzuzo.
     2. Ukuntuleka Kokujwayelekile: Izixhumi zokushaja ezingaguquki, izinqubo zokuxhumana, kanye nezinhlelo zokukhokha kudala ulwazi lomsebenzisi oluhlukene.
     3. Ukucindezela Kwegridi: Ukusetshenziswa okugxilile kwezinqwaba zokushaja ezinamandla aphezulu kungacindezela amagridi kagesi endawo, kudinge ukuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda kagesi.

     Ukuze kuxazululwe lezi zinkinga, ochwepheshe bemboni batusa ukuthi kusetshenzisweamamodeli "okwakha nokusebenza okuhlangene", izindlela zamanani eziguquguqukayo, kanye nobuchwepheshe bezitshalo zamandla ezibonakalayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle nokusebenza kahle futhi kuthuthukiswe ulwazi lomsebenzisi.

     Umbono Wesikhathi Esizayo: Ukuhwebelana Komhlaba kanye Nokuthuthukiswa Kwezinto Eziphilayo

     Izinkampani zokushaja zaseShayina ziyasheshisa ukwanda kwazo emhlabeni jikelele. Ngo-2023, izinkampani ezifana ne-Star Charge kanye ne-Wanbang New Energy zabona ama-oda aphesheya kwezilwandle eYurophu naseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia ekhula ngaphezu kuka-150% unyaka nonyaka. Okwamanje, amaphrojekthi enethiwekhi yokushaja esheshayo ye-Huawei Digital Power eMpumalanga Ephakathi aqokomisa ithonya elikhulayo lomhlaba wonke lobuchwepheshe baseShayina.

     Ekhaya, imboni yezinqwaba zokushaja ishintsha isuka ekubeni yindawo elula yokuhlinzeka ngamandla iye endaweni ebalulekile ohlelweni lwamandla ahlakaniphile. Ngokuvuthwa kobuchwepheshe obufana ne-V2G kanye namandla asatshalaliswayo, izinqwaba zokushaja zizoba yingxenye ebalulekile yamagridi ahlakaniphile esikhathi esizayo.